Two-Layer Optimal Operation of AC–DC Hybrid Microgrid Considering Carbon Emissions Trading in Multiple Scenarios

Abstract

To address the problem of low-carbon, optimal operation of AC–DC hybrid microgrids, a carbon trading mechanism is introduced and the impact of multiple uncertainties on system optimization is considered. Firstly, a two-layer model with the comprehensive economy of the hybrid microgrid as the upper layer and the respective optimal operation of the AC and DC sub-microgrids as the lower layer is established and the demand-side response is introduced, based on which the uncertainty of the scenery load is simulated using the multiscenario analysis method. Then, the baseline method is used to allocate carbon emission allowances to the system without compensation, and the actual carbon emissions of diesel engines, microcombustion engines, and fuel cells are considered to construct a hybrid microgrid. Finally, the model is solved using the CPLEX solver in conjunction with the calculation example, and the simulation verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed strategy in coordinating and optimizing the economy and low carbon of the system. The results show that when the carbon trading mechanism is considered, the carbon emission of the hybrid microgrid is reduced by 4.95%, the output power of the diesel generator is reduced by 5.14%, the output power of the fuel cell is reduced by 18.22%, but the electricity purchase from the power grid is increased by 38.91%. In addition, the influence degrees of the model considering the uncertainty of renewable energy and load are simulated. Furthermore, the impact of different electricity price models on optimal operation is evaluated, and the results show that electricity price will affect electricity purchase from the power grid and further affect carbon emissions.

Optimal Scheduling of AC–DC Hybrid Distribution Network Considering the Control Mode of a Converter Station

“…The optimization model proposed in this paper considers three aspects as the optimization objectives: the balance of load rate of each DSA, the voltage deviation of the whole flexible interconnected DSAs, and the operating cost, as shown in Equation (19).…”

“…In [18] a two-stage day-ahead-in-day optimization model was established to improve the renewable energy penetration rate and maintain the optimal operation of the distribution network under high renewable energy penetration rates, considering various flexible adjustable resources in the hybrid AC-DC distribution network. In [19] a two-layer optimal dispatching model considering the uncertainty of the renewable energy output and load demand to maintain the low-carbon operation of the hybrid AC-DC microgrid was proposed. In [20] a quadratic programming (QP) model for AC-DC hybrid distribution networks was established and achieved optimal control in consideration of new energy output fluctuations.…”

A Two-Stage Robust Optimization Microgrid Model Considering Carbon Trading and Demand Response

“…Akulker et al [8] explored the impact of the CET mechanism on the optimal equipment selection and size. Yan et al [9] employed the baseline approach for assigning carbon emission allowances to the system in the absence of compensation, and optimized the scheduling plan.…”

Robust stochastic low-carbon optimal dispatch of park-integrated energy system with multiple uncertainties from source and load

“…For these uncertainties in load prediction and energy output in PIES optimal operation, case analysis, robust optimization, and fuzzy theory have been adopted (Zhang et al, 2022c;Ma et al, 2022;Yan et al, 2022). In (Li et al, 2021c), an interval optimal model under multiple uncertainty conditions was established and the simulation results showed that the number of optimal intervals gradually increased with an increase in the degree of uncertainty fluctuation.…”