Two High-Throughput Techniques for Determining Wood Properties as Part of a Molecular Genetics Analysis of Hybrid Poplar and Loblolly Pine

Tuskan, Gerald A.; West, D.C.; Bradshaw, H. D.; Neale, David B.; Sewell, Mitchell M.; Wheeler, Nicholas C.; Megraw, Bob; Jech, K. S.; Wiselogel, A. E.; Evans, Robert J.; Elam, Carolyn C.; Davis, Mark F.; Dinus, Ron

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1604-9_6

Cited by 23 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Two to three replicates of PyMBMS trait data (m/z ions) previously associated with S or G lignin (Evans and Milne, 1987;Tuskan et al, 1999) were averaged together and mean normalized to correct for skewing as a result of instrument changes between pyrolysis runs in 2009 and weather differences to growth. ANOVA was performed with the PROC GLM command in SAS software version 9.2.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We treated postharvest stem (stover) cell walls isolated from members of maize recombinant inbred lines (RILs) with steam explosion (Selig et al, 2011) and subsequently determined that quantitative trait loci (QTL) for lignin abundance and those for saccharification yield of Glc or Xyl do not overlap under these conditions. Pyrolysis molecular-beam mass spectrometry (PyMBMS) gives the relative abundance of mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) fragments diagnostic for monomeric units of phenylpropanoid, hydroxycinnamic acid, and cell wall polysaccharides (Evans and Milne, 1987;Boon, 1989;Tuskan et al, 1999;Yin et al, 2010). Grass species have distinctive type II cell wall compositions characterized by primary and secondary walls enriched in xylan and phenylpropanoid networks in addition to cellulose and lignin (Carpita and Gibeaut, 1993;Carpita, 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genetic Determinants for Enzymatic Digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass Are Independent of Those for Lignin Abundance in a Maize Recombinant Inbred Population

et al. 2014

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Biotechnological approaches to reduce or modify lignin in biomass crops are predicated on the assumption that it is the principal determinant of the recalcitrance of biomass to enzymatic digestion for biofuels production. We defined quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the Intermated B73 3 Mo17 recombinant inbred maize (Zea mays) population using pyrolysis molecular-beam mass spectrometry to establish stem lignin content and an enzymatic hydrolysis assay to measure glucose and xylose yield. Among five multiyear QTL for lignin abundance, two for 4-vinylphenol abundance, and four for glucose and/or xylose yield, not a single QTL for aromatic abundance and sugar yield was shared. A genome-wide association study for lignin abundance and sugar yield of the 282-member maize association panel provided candidate genes in the 11 QTL of the B73 and Mo17 parents but showed that many other alleles impacting these traits exist among this broader pool of maize genetic diversity. B73 and Mo17 genotypes exhibited large differences in gene expression in developing stem tissues independent of allelic variation. Combining these complementary genetic approaches provides a narrowed list of candidate genes. A cluster of SCARECROW-LIKE9 and SCARECROW-LIKE14 transcription factor genes provides exceptionally strong candidate genes emerging from the genome-wide association study. In addition to these and genes associated with cell wall metabolism, candidates include several other transcription factors associated with vascularization and fiber formation and components of cellular signaling pathways. These results provide new insights and strategies beyond the modification of lignin to enhance yields of biofuels from genetically modified biomass.

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Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Determinants for Enzymatic Digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass Are Independent of Those for Lignin Abundance in a Maize Recombinant Inbred Population

et al. 2014

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“…Large differences between genotypes of individual feedstocks have been shown with more than 20 % variation in lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose contents [7,52,57]. Although much emphasis has been placed on genetic drivers for cell wall composition [21], less emphasis has been given to understanding variation induced by environmental variation, including differences in agronomy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment Has Little Effect on Biomass Biochemical Composition of Miscanthus × giganteus Across Soil Types, Nitrogen Fertilization, and Times of Harvest

et al. 2015

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Efficient conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks to ethanol will benefit from a consistent composition of supplied biomass. While composition or quality for a given feedstock is known to vary, the influence of environment, rather than genotype, has rarely been separated for mature fieldgrown material. Replicated trials of a single sterile hybrid clone of Miscanthus×giganteus across Illinois provided a unique opportunity to test the influence of environmental, rather than genetic control over biomass composition, under US Midwest conditions. Given the interest in M. x giganteus cv. BIllinois^as a lignocellulosic feedstock, it is valuable to understand the variation in composition of this crop that would need to be dealt with by processors. This study examined the effect of seven sites spanning nearly 5°in latitude and contrasting soil types from sands to clays with land capability classes ranging from 1 to 4. Four levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 67, 135, and 202 kg N ha −1 ) were applied on these mature, genetically identical, clonally propagated stands of M.×giganteus which were harvested both pre-and post-senescence. Despite the wide range of environmental differences, there was minimal variation in the composition across all locations, sampling times, and fertilization treatments. Composition varied from 39-45 % for cellulose, 19-24 % for hemicellulose, to 19-24 % for lignin. Nitrogen fertilization, while having a small effect, decreased the proportion of hemicellulose, acetyl groups, and ash and increased cellulose and lignin at statistically significant levels. Delaying harvest from October to December increased the proportion of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin and decreased the proportion of ash and extractables at statistically significant levels. The findings show that in the absence of genetic variation, composition varies minimally with environment or timing of harvest, which has important implications for costs of processing in a given location.

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“…Therefore, a second objective of this study was to employ two high-throughput analytical methods to facilitate phenotypic screening of wood chemical properties, and to provide validation data for their use in transgenic trees. The pyrolysis Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometer (pyMBMS) technique developed in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the solid-state 13 C-NMR method are particularly suited for this purpose (Tuskan et al, 1999). Both methodologies require only milligrams of sample and can analyze more than 50 samples per day.…”

Section: Background and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spectral analysis of cell wall components was conducted as described in Tuskan et al (1999) using extractive-free stem wood meal of control and transgenic aspen. Calibration models were developed using several hybrid poplar lines exhibiting natural variations in stem lignin content and monomeric structure.…”

Section: Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Augmentation of Syringyl Lignin in Low-lignin Aspen Trees, Final Report

Tsai¹,

Davis²,

Chiang³

2004

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Two High-Throughput Techniques for Determining Wood Properties as Part of a Molecular Genetics Analysis of Hybrid Poplar and Loblolly Pine

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Genetic Determinants for Enzymatic Digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass Are Independent of Those for Lignin Abundance in a Maize Recombinant Inbred Population

Genetic Determinants for Enzymatic Digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass Are Independent of Those for Lignin Abundance in a Maize Recombinant Inbred Population

Environment Has Little Effect on Biomass Biochemical Composition of Miscanthus × giganteus Across Soil Types, Nitrogen Fertilization, and Times of Harvest

Genetic Augmentation of Syringyl Lignin in Low-lignin Aspen Trees, Final Report

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