Two High Nitrogen Content Energetic Compounds: 3,6-Diguanidino-1,2,4,5-Tetrazine and Its Diperchlorate

Abstract

High nitrogen content energetic compounds 3,6-diguanidino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine [(DGTz)(H2O)2] and its diperchlorate [(DGTz)(ClO4)2] were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Their crystal structures were determined by applying X-ray single crystal diffraction. The hydrogen atoms in the 3- and 6-sites of the tetrazine heterocycle have been disubstituted by guanidine groups for (DGTz)(H2O)2, and two crystal water molecules were present. In the (DGTz)(ClO4)2 molecule, two ClO4 – and one DGTz2+ groups were bonded together by electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonds. The thermal decomposition process of the two compounds was investigated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric/differential analysis (TG-DTG). The results of the decomposition are nearly gaseous products. The kinetic parameters of the exothermic process were calculated by using Kissinger's and Ozawa–Doyle's methods.

Preparation, Crystal and Properties of Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Salt of Bis(semicarbazide) 5,5′-Bitetrazole-1,1′-diolate

“…On the basis of the peak temperatures (T p ) of the first exothermic process occurring in the DSC curves under four different heating rates (5, 10, 15 and 20˝C¨min´1) of the salt, the apparent activation energy E k and E o , pre-exponential factor A k , and linear coefficient R k and R o were determined and listed in Table 4. The calculated results using both methods correspond well with each other, and they are all in the normal range of kinetic parameters for the thermal decomposition of solid materials [23]. Accordingly, the Arrhenius equation of the salt can be expressed as follows (E is the average of E k and E o ): ln k = 21.21´229.65ˆ10 3 /RT.…”

Synthesis, crystal structure and thermodynamic properties of 3-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-(benzylmethylene) hydrazone-s-tetrazine

“…Therefore, they are considered as green energetic materials used in solid propellants, explosives, and civil combustible gas generators [6]. The derivatives of tetrazine have been widely investigated due to their perfect performances in the field of propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics [14][15][16][17][18][19] and biological activity [20,21]. However, most of literatures focus on the synthesis, crystal structure and properties of the symmetrical structures instead of the unsymmetrical ones ( Figure 1).…”

Preparation, Structural Characterization, and Thermal Analysis of Nitrogen‐rich Energetic Ionic Salts based on 4‐Amino‐3‐hydrazino‐5‐mercapto‐1, 2,4‐triazole

“…[21][22][23] Based on the first exothermic peak temperatures measured with four different heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 K·min -1 , Kissinger's and Ozawa-Doyle's methods were applied to study the kinetics parameters of the two compounds. The Kissinger [Equation (5)] and Ozawa equations [Equation (6)] are as follows, respectively:…”