Two genetically distinct stocks in Baird's beaked whale (Cetacea: Ziphiidae)

Kitamura, Shino; Matsuishi, Takashi; Yamada, Tadasu K.; Tajima, Yuko; Ishikawa, Hajime; Tanabe, Shinsuke; Nakagawa, Hajime; Uni, Yoshikazu; S, Abe

doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00607.x

Cited by 10 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Based on genetic differences and the positioning of the divergent haplotypes in a phylogenetic tree of the Ziphiidae, Kitamura et al . () suggested that there were two “stocks” of Baird's beaked whales around Japan, and that their data supported the occurrence of cryptic species in the genus Berardius .…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…We identify several recently stranded and museum specimens of the “black” form based on mtDNA sequences being identical to or very similar (differing by 1–2 bp) to previously identified black form specimens (Kitamura et al . ). Addition of these specimens allows us to evaluate genetic, morphological and distributional data supporting the presence of a second species of Berardius in the North Pacific.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…() and the seven haplotypes found in the common “gray” form was 4.4%–5.1%, while the intratype distances ranged from 0.2% to 0.9% (excluding indels, calculated from sequences presented in Kitamura et al . ). Based on genetic differences and the positioning of the divergent haplotypes in a phylogenetic tree of the Ziphiidae, Kitamura et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The divergence between the three black form mtDNA haplotypes identified by Kitamura et al . () and the seven haplotypes found in the common “gray” form was 4.4%–5.1%, while the intratype distances ranged from 0.2% to 0.9% (excluding indels, calculated from sequences presented in Kitamura et al . ).…”

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confidence: 98%

“…Genetic analysis of the two types of Baird's beaked whale around Japan was presented by Kitamura et al . (), in which they identified three specimens that had “features characteristic of the black group.” These three specimens had significantly different mitochondrial control region haplotypes and differed at 1–2 nucleotide positions in the nuclear α‐2‐actin intron one (ACTA2I) from 64 specimens assigned to the “gray” form based on morphology and the season in which they were collected. Beaked whale species are characterized by having high interspecific control region divergence (average 8.57%; range 3.37%–20.49%) and low intraspecific diversity (0.85%; 0%–1.15%) (Dalebout et al .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genetic structure of the beaked whale genus Berardius in the North Pacific, with genetic evidence for a new species

Morin

Baker

Brewer

et al. 2016

Marine Mammal Science

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There are two recognized species in the genus Berardius, Baird's and Arnoux's beaked whales. In Japan, whalers have traditionally recognized two forms of Baird's beaked whales, the common “slate‐gray” form and a smaller, rare “black” form. Previous comparison of mtDNA control region sequences from three black specimens to gray specimens around Japan indicated that the two forms comprise different stocks and potentially different species. We have expanded sampling to include control region haplotypes of 178 Baird's beaked whales from across their range in the North Pacific. We identified five additional specimens of the black form from the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea, for a total of eight “black” specimens. The divergence between mtDNA haplotypes of the black and gray forms of Baird's beaked whale was greater than their divergence from the congeneric Arnoux's beaked whale found in the Southern Ocean, and similar to that observed among other congeneric beaked whale species. Taken together, genetic evidence from specimens in Japan and across the North Pacific, combined with evidence of smaller adult body size, indicate presence of an unnamed species of Berardius in the North Pacific.

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confidence: 95%

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confidence: 97%

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confidence: 97%

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confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

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Genetic structure of the beaked whale genus Berardius in the North Pacific, with genetic evidence for a new species

Morin

Baker

Brewer

et al. 2016

Marine Mammal Science

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Comparative analysis of the genetic structures of Kogia spp. populations in the western North Pacific

Nishida,

Uchimura,

Tajima

et al. 2023

Advances in Marine Biology

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Description of a new species of beaked whale (Berardius) found in the North Pacific

Yamada

Kitamura

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Two types of Berardius are recognised by local whalers in Hokkaido, Japan. The first is the ordinary Baird’s beaked whale, B . bairdii , whereas the other is much smaller and entirely black. Previous molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the black type is one recognisable taxonomic unit within the Berardius clade but is distinct from the two known Berardius species. To determine the characteristics of the black type, we summarised external morphology and skull osteometric data obtained from four individuals, which included three individuals from Hokkaido and one additional individual from the United States National Museum of Natural History collection. The whales differed from all of their congeners by having the following unique characters: a substantially smaller body size of physically mature individuals, proportionately shorter beak, and darker body colour. Thus, we conclude that the whales are a third Berardius species.

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Two genetically distinct stocks in Baird's beaked whale (Cetacea: Ziphiidae)

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Genetic structure of the beaked whale genus Berardius in the North Pacific, with genetic evidence for a new species

Genetic structure of the beaked whale genus Berardius in the North Pacific, with genetic evidence for a new species

Comparative analysis of the genetic structures of Kogia spp. populations in the western North Pacific

Description of a new species of beaked whale (Berardius) found in the North Pacific

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