Description of a new species of beaked whale (Berardius) found in the North Pacific

Yamada, Tadasu K.; Kitamura, Shino; S, Abe; Tajima, Yuko; Matsuda, Ayaka; Mead, James G.; Matsuishi, Takashi

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46703-w

Cited by 36 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The asymmetry of the beaked whale skull is marked [ 20 , 75 , 76 ], so much so that the right premaxilla, premaxillary crest, premaxillary sac fossa, and the nasal bone are around 30% larger than those on the left [ 77 ]. Previous studies have suggested that the beaked whale genus Berardius (the most basal crown genus) shows the least bilateral asymmetry in the skull [ 78 , 79 ], and we saw a similar result here. We attribute the underrepresentation of asymmetry in the ziphiid skull to the use of landmarks alone.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…We placed Neophocaena asiaeorientalis in the same genus as Neophocaena phocaenoides [ 94 ], Sousa plumbea + Sousa teuszii + Sousa sahulensis in the same genus as Sousa chinensis [ 95 ], Orcaella heinsohni in the same genus as Orcaella brevirostris [ 96 , 97 ], and Mesoplodon hotaula in the genus Mesoplodon next to Mesoplodon gingkodens [ 98 ]. Finally, we placed Berardius minimus in the genus Berardius next to Berardius bairdii and Berardius arnuxii following its recent description by Yamada et al [ 78 ]. The following fossil species were directly swapped with their corresponding monophyletic congener as follows.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wonky whales: the evolution of cranial asymmetry in cetaceans

et al. 2020

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Background Unlike most mammals, toothed whale (Odontoceti) skulls lack symmetry in the nasal and facial (nasofacial) region. This asymmetry is hypothesised to relate to echolocation, which may have evolved in the earliest diverging odontocetes. Early cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) such as archaeocetes, namely the protocetids and basilosaurids, have asymmetric rostra, but it is unclear when nasofacial asymmetry evolved during the transition from archaeocetes to modern whales. We used three-dimensional geometric morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods to reconstruct the evolution of asymmetry in the skulls of 162 living and extinct cetaceans over 50 million years. Results In archaeocetes, we found asymmetry is prevalent in the rostrum and also in the squamosal, jugal, and orbit, possibly reflecting preservational deformation. Asymmetry in odontocetes is predominant in the nasofacial region. Mysticetes (baleen whales) show symmetry similar to terrestrial artiodactyls such as bovines. The first significant shift in asymmetry occurred in the stem odontocete family Xenorophidae during the Early Oligocene. Further increases in asymmetry occur in the physeteroids in the Late Oligocene, Squalodelphinidae and Platanistidae in the Late Oligocene/Early Miocene, and in the Monodontidae in the Late Miocene/Early Pliocene. Additional episodes of rapid change in odontocete skull asymmetry were found in the Mid-Late Oligocene, a period of rapid evolution and diversification. No high-probability increases or jumps in asymmetry were found in mysticetes or archaeocetes. Unexpectedly, no increases in asymmetry were recovered within the highly asymmetric ziphiids, which may result from the extreme, asymmetric shape of premaxillary crests in these taxa not being captured by landmarks alone. Conclusions Early ancestors of living whales had little cranial asymmetry and likely were not able to echolocate. Archaeocetes display high levels of asymmetry in the rostrum, potentially related to directional hearing, which is lost in early neocetes—the taxon including the most recent common ancestor of living cetaceans. Nasofacial asymmetry becomes a significant feature of Odontoceti skulls in the Early Oligocene, reaching its highest levels in extant taxa. Separate evolutionary regimes are reconstructed for odontocetes living in acoustically complex environments, suggesting that these niches impose strong selective pressure on echolocation ability and thus increased cranial asymmetry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wonky whales: the evolution of cranial asymmetry in cetaceans

et al. 2020

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“…Eight new species were discovered during the 20th century and one more since 2000. The newest ziphiid, Berardius minimus, was reported from Hokkaido, Japan (Yamada et al, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Heptner et al (1996) The existence of another, less common form of tsuchi kujira, known to Japanese small-type whalers as kuro (black) tsuchi kujira or karasu (crow or raven), has been debated for years (Kasuya, 2011(Kasuya, , 2017. In July 2004, Hal Sato, an independent researcher in eastern Hokkaido, obtained photographs of a mother and a calf of an unfamiliarlooking beaked whale taken as bycatch and landed at Shibetsu, Hokkaido (Yamada et al, 2019, figure 1). Sato also photographed a pod of three unidentified beaked whales (Yamada et al, 2019, figure 2) she encountered in Nemuro Strait, off Rausu (Shiretoko Peninsula) in May 2009 that were similar to the Shibetsu whales.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In July 2004, Hal Sato, an independent researcher in eastern Hokkaido, obtained photographs of a mother and a calf of an unfamiliarlooking beaked whale taken as bycatch and landed at Shibetsu, Hokkaido (Yamada et al, 2019, figure 1). Sato also photographed a pod of three unidentified beaked whales (Yamada et al, 2019, figure 2) she encountered in Nemuro Strait, off Rausu (Shiretoko Peninsula) in May 2009 that were similar to the Shibetsu whales. These photographs consistently indicated the existence of a smaller, darker tsuchi kujira with a shorter rostrum.…”

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Sato's beaked whale: A new cetacean species discovered around Japan

Brownell

Kasuya²

2021

Marine Mammal Science

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Of the 91 known species of living cetaceans, 25% are beaked whales in the Family Ziphiidae (n = 23). Most beaked whales are cryptic and difficult to study because they are deep divers, spend very little time on the surface, and difficult to approach with a vessel. The first beaked whale was described in 1770, when Johann Reinhold Forster, the naturalist on Captain James Cook's second voyage, named Hyperoodon ampullatus based on a whale that stranded in

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Identifying important habitat for northern bottlenose and Sowerby's beaked whales in the western North Atlantic

Feyrer,

Stanistreet,

Gomez

et al. 2024

Aquatic Conservation

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Understanding habitat requirements for species at risk is crucial for effective conservation management, even though the location and extent of vital habitats may be unknown for rare or elusive species. In the case of marine species, determining important habitat often relies on limited occurrence data or extrapolation from species distribution models (SDMs). SDMs predict habitat by associating species records with environmental variables, assuming a functional ecological relationship. This study focuses on northern bottlenose whales (NBW; Hyperoodon ampullatus) and Sowerby's beaked whales (SBW; Mesoplodon bidens) in the western North Atlantic. As both NBW and SBW are at risk in Canada, the objective was to identify the extent and function of important habitats to guide conservation efforts. The analysis mapped all available geographic occurrence data and used passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data to inform the development of ensemble SDMs to predict potential habitat and assess the persistence of realized habitat use. Important habitats for NBW and SBW were found primarily concentrated along the continental shelf edges, at an average depth of 1200 m ± 460 SD. All habitat areas support foraging and movement and critical life history functions for both species. The Gully and other submarine canyons off eastern Nova Scotia emerged as important areas for both species, validating the existing Critical Habitat for NBW. However, spatial–temporal patterns diverged on either side of this region. North‐eastern Newfoundland was identified as the next closest area of near‐year‐round presence for NBW, whereas the south‐western Scotian Shelf region, Georges Bank and the Fundian Channel supported persistent foraging by SBW. By integrating multiple data sources (sightings, acoustic detections and SDMs) and demonstrating the temporal persistence of habitat use by NBW and SBW, this study provides valuable insights for identifying, protecting and managing important habitat for beaked whales.

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Description of a new species of beaked whale (Berardius) found in the North Pacific

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

Wonky whales: the evolution of cranial asymmetry in cetaceans

Wonky whales: the evolution of cranial asymmetry in cetaceans

Sato's beaked whale: A new cetacean species discovered around Japan

Identifying important habitat for northern bottlenose and Sowerby's beaked whales in the western North Atlantic

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