Two Faces of Search: Alternative Generation and Alternative Evaluation

Knudsen, Thorbjørn; Levinthal, Daniel A.

doi:10.1287/orsc.1060.0216

Cited by 334 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Such "joint myopia" neglects exploration. Agents are often assumed to explore their problem space via long-jumps which are either random or based on the forward evaluation of attractiveness (Gavetti and Levinthal 2000;Knudsen and Levinthal 2007;Knudsen and Srikanth 2014;Levinthal and Warglien 1999;Rivkin and Siggelkow 2007;Siggelkow and Rivkin 2005). Hierarchy can also be considered as a coordination device, which imposes identical mental models on agents by providing them with the partitions on the dimensions of the problem space (Gavetti 2005;Knudsen and Srikanth 2014).…”

Section: Coordination and Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilevel Organizational Adaptation: Scale Invariance in the Scottish Healthcare System

Dattée

Barlow

2017

Organization Science

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Organizational adaptation results from coupled processes nested across multiple levels (Klein and Kozlowski 2000;Klein et al. 1999). There has been a strong call for a quasi-natural organization science that accounts for the effects of coupled processes across different levels (Lewin and Volberda 1999;McKelvey 1997). Yet, most work on organizational adaption has been conducted implicitly at a single or dual level of analysis. To remedy this, detailed empirical cases with more than two levels of analysis are required to address the interactions between organizational context and the intraorganizational dynamics (Greenwood and Hinings 1996;Tracey et al. 2011) .We explore how the classical problem of limited cognitive representation influences the way agents coordinate their search efforts across organizational boundaries and across multiple levels. We . Specifically, we explain how complex cooperation in hierarchical systems can emerge and subsequently unravel. We show how cognitive limitations can hide opportunities for collaboration and mutual improvement. We demonstrate the multilevel dynamics induced when agents at various levels broaden their cognitive representations to include higher-order epistatic interactions -i.e. interdependencies between components which affect system performanceand synchronize their adaptive search across organizational boundaries. Our demonstration is based on a longitudinal case of a large change programme in a national healthcare system, where there was a powerful rhetoric on the need for "whole system change". This aimed to make agents in all its constituent parts aware that they are interdependent and to emphasize the need for collaboration to uncover opportunities for mutual performance improvements:"This new approach is about getting the NHS [National Health Service] in Scotland to work as a single, whole system. We need all of the partners in the system to realize that they are interdependent. Action in one part of the system has an impact elsewhere. And we need the partners to understand that we all need to change." NHS Scotland, Policy document, 2005

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Section: Coordination and Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilevel Organizational Adaptation: Scale Invariance in the Scottish Healthcare System

Dattée

Barlow

2017

Organization Science

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“…A primeira é a existência de um comportamento racional limitado (SIMON, 1997), que faz com que os agentes sejam incapazes de considerar todas as opções possíveis para a solução de seus problemas tecnológicos e inábeis de avaliar com precisão as perspectivas futuras de desempenho das opções potenciais. Tais fatores fazem com que a avaliação de alternativas tenda a ser imperfeita (KNUDSEN;LEVINTHAL, 2007, p. 51-52). A segunda razão é que a base de conhecimento acumulado facilita a aprendizagem relacionada à solução de problemas complexos.…”

Section: Rotinas Organizacionais E Processos De Buscaunclassified

Mudanças Climáticas Como Um Fator Exógeno Que Afeta O Comportamento De Busca Tecnológica

Feitosa¹

2017

Blucher Engineering Proceedings

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ResumoEste artigo tem como objetivo examinar o processo de mudanças climáticas globais como um fator exógeno que modifica o grau e a direção do comportamento de busca tecnológica das firmas. A análise organiza a literatura principal em três níveis principais, da firma, dado o esgotamento tecnológico e a expansão para além de mercados nacionais, do mercado, diante de condições específicas da sua evolução que afetam o seu funcionamento e a distribuição de incentivos, e do sistema, que reflete os estímulos para realização de atividades inovativas a partir de diferentes condições de oportunidade tecnológica. Procura-se demonstrar, a partir da literatura subjacente, que as transformações no ambiente tecnológico promovidas pelas mudanças climáticas constituem um importante fator exógeno capaz de alterar a forma como as firmas conduzem sua atividade de busca tecnológica. Nesse sentido, a contribuição do artigo consiste em relacionar essas transformações em três níveis principais, de forma a extrapolar os limites setoriais, tecnológicos e geográficos dos estudos existentes.Palavras-chave: Mudanças climáticas; busca tecnológica; exploração e explotação. CLIMATE CHANGE AS AN EXOGENOUS TRIGGERS AFFECTING THE TECHNOLOGICAL SEARCH BEHAVIOR AbstractThis paper aims to examine the process of global climate change as an exogenous trigger that modifies the level and direction of the firms' technological search behavior. The analysis organizes the main literature on three main levels, the firm, given the technological exhaustion and expansion beyond national markets, the market, given specific conditions of its evolution affecting its operation and the distribution of incentives, and the system, which reflects the stimuli for carrying out innovative activities from different technological opportunity conditions. The paper seeks to demonstrate, from the underlying literature, that the transformations in the technological environment promoted by the climatic changes are an important exogenous factor capable of changing the way in which companies lead their technological search activity. In this sense, the contribution of the article is to relate these transformations to three main levels, in order to extrapolate the sectorial, technological and geographical limits of the existing studies.

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“…For example, March (1991) highlighted the balancing of exploitation and exploration as an efficient mode of learning for improved performance. The third stream examined the procedural aspects of organizational learning behavior, such as knowledge search (e.g., Knudsen and Levinthal 2007), knowledge creation (e.g., Gupta, Tesluk and Taylor 2007), knowledge transfer (e.g., Cohen and Levinthal 1990), and knowledge retention (e.g., Moorman and Miner 1997). Moorman and Miner (1997), for instance, examined the effect of organizational memory on organizational learning performance, while Majchrzak, Cooper and Neece (2004) investigated how organizations reuse retained knowledge.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hierarchy Myopia of Organizational Learning

Choi

Park

Lee

2015

AMPROC

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Previous studies have been interested in how to maximize both the efficiency and the effectiveness of organizational learning. On the flipside, some studies have investigated the critical barriers to learning. We suggest organizational hierarchy as another cause and theoretically explore how it can deter learning performance. Specifically, we argue that the configuration of structure determines a prevalent form of learning method in an organization to consequently affect its learning performance. Using simulation modeling, we show that non-hierarchical organizations may be a better learning environment than hierarchical organizations. We also show that the contextual factors, such as problem complexity and member regrouping, may affect the base-line result. This study subsequently calls for further attention be paid to the key issues concerning the hierarchy and organization learning performance.

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Two Faces of Search: Alternative Generation and Alternative Evaluation

Cited by 334 publications

References 29 publications

Multilevel Organizational Adaptation: Scale Invariance in the Scottish Healthcare System

Multilevel Organizational Adaptation: Scale Invariance in the Scottish Healthcare System

Mudanças Climáticas Como Um Fator Exógeno Que Afeta O Comportamento De Busca Tecnológica

The Hierarchy Myopia of Organizational Learning

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