Two Examples of the Effect of Topography on Rainfall Distribution Patterns

Craig, David

doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.1980.tb04709.x

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…They reported rainfall measurements that indicated the existence of relatively fixed rainfall distribution patterns. Later, further experimental research efforts adequately identifying the smallscale topographical effect were conducted by Sharon (1970); Sandsborg (1970); Reid (1973); Craig (1980); Sharon (1980Sharon ( , 1983; Sharon et al (1988); Lentz et al (1995) and Sharon and Arazi (1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Numerical simulation of the wind-driven rainfall distribution over small-scale topography in space and time

Blocken

Carmeliet

Poesen

2005

Journal of Hydrology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Numerical simulation of the wind-driven rainfall distribution over small-scale topography in space and time

Blocken

Carmeliet

Poesen

2005

Journal of Hydrology

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“…The amount of rainfall data provided is limited, but some interesting remarks were made by the author. He suggested that Craig (1980) suggested that vortices were formed in the lee of the cliff faces, as indicated, which he expected to be responsible for the uneven distribution of rainfall as indicated in the figure vortices were formed in the lee of the cliff faces, as indicated in Figure 4. He stated that this would explain the fact that higher precipitation amounts were observed at some distance from the cliff than just beyond it (especially for snow and drizzle; see Figure 4) and the fact that the surface near the cliff bases was frequently in calm air while some 100 m downslope the wind was strong and gusty.…”

Section: Application and Experimental Verificationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…2. Craig (1980): observations of wind speed and drift of drizzle over a succession of two cliffs. 3.…”

Section: Application and Experimental Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Succession of two steep cliffs (Craig, 1980) Geometry and observations. The study area is situated in east County Antrim, Northern Ireland.…”

Section: Application and Experimental Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three methods are available to study the WDR effect over micro-scale topography: (1) rainfall measurements over natural topography; (2) measurements over artificial topography; (3) numerical modelling. Most researchers have employed the first method (James, 1964;Geiger, 1965;Hovind, 1965;Sandsborg, 1970;Sharon, 1970Sharon, , 1980Reid, 1973;Craig, 1980;Sharon et al, 1983;1988;Sharon and Arazi, 1997). These measurements have been the primary tool to identify the WDR effect and have provided a considerable amount of knowledge about this phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of wind on the spatial distribution of rain over micro‐scale topography: numerical modelling and experimental verification

Blocken

Poesen

Carmeliet

2005

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:The wind-driven-rain effect refers to the redistribution of rainfall over micro-scale topography due to the existence of local perturbed wind-flow patterns. Rainfall measurements reported in the literature point to the fact that the wind-driven-rain distribution can show large variations over micro-scale topography. These variations should be taken into account in hillslope hydrology, in runoff and erosion studies and in the design of rainfall monitoring networks. In practice, measurements are often not suitable for determining the wind-driven-rain distribution. Therefore, a few researchers have employed numerical modelling. In order to provide confidence in using numerical models, experimental verification for a range of different topographic features is imperative. The objective of this study is to investigate the adequacy of a two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to predict the winddriven-rain distribution over small-scale topography. The numerical model is applied to a number of topographic features, including a succession of cliffs, a small isolated hill, a small valley and a field with ridges and furrows. The numerical results are compared with the corresponding measurement results reported in the literature. It is shown that two-dimensional numerical modelling can provide a good indication of the wind-driven-rain distribution over each type of micro-scale topography that is considered in this study. It is concluded that more detailed verification procedures are currently inhibited due to the lack of available and detailed spatial and temporal rainfall data from field measurements.

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The Lochaber Raingauge Network

Harrison

Clark²

1998

Weather

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Two Examples of the Effect of Topography on Rainfall Distribution Patterns

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Numerical simulation of the wind-driven rainfall distribution over small-scale topography in space and time

Numerical simulation of the wind-driven rainfall distribution over small-scale topography in space and time

Impact of wind on the spatial distribution of rain over micro‐scale topography: numerical modelling and experimental verification

The Lochaber Raingauge Network

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