Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanomaterials for biosensing applications

Abstract

Biosensors are powerful tools used to monitor biological and biochemical processes, ranging from clinical diagnosis to disease therapy. The huge demands for bioassays greatly promote the development of new nanomaterials as sensing platforms. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with superior properties, such as large surface areas and excellent conductivities, are excellent candidates for biosensor applications. Among them, single-or few-layered transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanomaterials represent an emerging class of 2D nanomaterials with unique physical, chemical, and electronic properties. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent progress in 2D TMD nanomaterial-based biosensors for the sensitive detection of various kinds of targets, including nucleic acid, proteins, and small biomolecules, based on different sensors like optical sensors and electrochemical sensors, and bioelectronic sensors. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in this promising field are also proposed.

Black Phosphorus: Synthesis and Application for Solar Cells

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Recently, phosphorene-mono/ few-layer black phosphorus (BP)-has been introduced to the family of elemental 2D layered materials and is drawing significant attention. New and advanced materials will profoundly affect the future development of technology.…”

Large area few-layer TMD film growths and their applications

“…The extraordinary electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of TMDs grant them wide-ranging applications. Chronicling the full scope of these applications is beyond the scope of this article, such detail may be found in other reviews [1,10,[22][23][24][25]70]. Instead, we will focus on how the specific realization of film growth will garner new applications for TMDs.…”

“…Inherent n-typing and p-typing, given the material, enables digital logic circuitry in limited cases. Their thinness means they are very exposed and thus responsive to their environment, priming them for sensing applications and data storage/retrieval [24,[72][73][74].…”

“…Given the rapid pace of 2D material advancements, this review will center around the best current methods for TMD film growths. Prior results may be found in other reviews [1,10,[22][23][24][25]. While these previous reviews generally highlight film growths as a pleasant byproduct of ongoing synthesis efforts, little coverage is given to the specific difficulties of film synthesis and the new applications made possible by it, in comparison to normal flake growths.…”

Supercritical Fluid‐Facilitated Exfoliation and Processing of 2D Materials

“…2D materials have been extensively developed as wet chemical and gas phase sensors, and reviews of their applications focusing on GO, [242,243] rGO, [243] and graphene, [243,245] chalcogenides, [244][245][246][247][248][249] oxides, [248] and layer-by-layer [242,250] assemblies are available. In all electrochemical-based sensing, it is important to maintain good electrical conductivity in a sensor-intended composite material, similarly to 2D materials used in electrocatalysis.…”