Two-dimensional and Doppler sonographic prostatic appearance of sexually intact French Bulldogs

Freitas, Luana Azevedo de; Pinto, José Nicodemos; Silva, Herlon Victor Rodrigues; Silva, Lúcia Daniel Machado da

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.12.016

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This study confirms that CPSE represents a useful tool to early detect prostatic disorders in dogs. Some authors have previously suggested that prostate size could be affected by age, breed and body weight, but also by the emergence of pathologic processes, making the establishment of normal dimensions difficult because of the wide variety of canine sizes, breeds and conditions (Atalan, Holt, & Barr, ; Cartee & Rowels, ; Freitas, Pinto, Silva, & Machado da Silva, ; O'Shea, ; Smith, ). Several studies were performed to correctly establish the actual prostatic volume, through the two‐dimensional ultrasonographic prostatic measures (Atalan et al., ; Gobello & Corrada, ; Kamolpatana, Johnston, & Johnston, ; Ruel et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine prostate specific esterase (CPSE) as an useful biomarker in preventive screening programme of canine prostate: CPSE threshold value assessment and its correlation with ultrasonographic prostatic abnormalities in asymptomatic dogs

Alonge

Melandri

Leoci

et al. 2017

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Due to the increased attention that pet-owners devote to their animals and to the improved veterinary care, investigations regarding methods to early detect prostatic disorders that might affect canine life quality have been performed. Canine prostate specific esterase (CPSE) concentration was reported to be higher in dogs suffering from prostatic diseases. This study aimed to estimate the CPSE threshold as a biomarker to early identify prostatic diseases in asymptomatic dogs. The ultrasonographic examination of the prostate was performed in 19 dogs (6-40 kg; 1-5 years) with no symptoms of prostatic diseases. Dogs were grouped according to the presence (Group A) or absence (Group B) of prostatic disorders at the ultrasound (altered appearance, the presence of cysts or irregular borders). For each dog, a venous blood sample was collected to measure serum CPSE and the ratio between calculated and normal expected prostatic volume was assessed for each dog. The CPSE data were statistically analysed (t test, p < .05), and the CPSE threshold in blood serum between groups was calculated by ROC. In 11 dogs, ultrasonography showed signs of prostatic abnormalities (Group A, 2-5 years), while no signs were detected in eight dogs (Group B, 1-3 years). The calculated/estimated volume ratio resulted greater than 1.5 in Group A dogs. The CPSE was statistically different between groups (p < .0001): higher in Group A (mean = 184.9, SD = 126 ng/ml) than in Group B (38.9 ± 22.1 ng/ml). The cut-off CPSE threshold was 52.3 ng/ml (ROC, AUC = 0.974, SE 95.6%, SP 89.2%). This study suggests that CPSE serum concentration higher than 50 ng/ml in asymptomatic dogs is associated with ultrasonographic alterations and increased the prostatic size (volume by 1.5 times greater than the normal size). As the onset of prostatic disorders often remains asymptomatic, the rapid assessment of CPSE could be suitable for selecting preventively those animals that would require further accurate evaluation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine prostate specific esterase (CPSE) as an useful biomarker in preventive screening programme of canine prostate: CPSE threshold value assessment and its correlation with ultrasonographic prostatic abnormalities in asymptomatic dogs

Alonge

Melandri

Leoci

et al. 2017

Reprod Domestic Animals

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“…If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.For more information, please contact eprints@nottingham.ac.uk shape, position, margination and internal architecture of the testes (England, 58 1991;Eilts et al, 1993; Paltiel et al, 2002;Gouletsou et al, 2008; Souza et al, 59 2014) and prostate gland (Blum et al, 1985; Juniewicz et al, 1989; England, 60 1991;Eilts et al, 1993; Ruel et al, 1998; Paltiel et al, 2002; Gouletsou et al, 61 2008; Freitas et al, 2013;Freitas et al, 2015). Ultrasonography also provides a 62 valuable tool in assessing reproductive pathology (Cartee and Rowles, 1983; 63 Feeney et al, 1987; Pugh and Konde, 1991; Cooney et al, 1992; England, 1995; 64 Keenan, 1998;Nautrup and Tobias, 2001; Hecht, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital image analysis of testicular and prostatic ultrasonographic echogencity and heterogeneity in dogs and the relation to semen quality

Moxon

Bright

Pritchard

et al. 2015

Animal Reproduction Science

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(2015) Digital image analysis of testicular and prostatic ultrasonographic echogencity and heterogeneity in dogs and the relation to semen quality. Animal Reproduction Science, 160 . pp. 112-119. ISSN 1873-2232 Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38918/1/Image%20analysis%20testes%20and%20prostate %20Animal%20Reproduction%20Science.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.For more information, please contact eprints@nottingham.ac.uk shape, position, margination and internal architecture of the testes (England, 58 1991;Eilts et al., 1993; Paltiel et al., 2002;Gouletsou et al., 2008; Souza et al., 59 2014) and prostate gland (Blum et al., 1985; Juniewicz et al., 1989; England, 60 1991;Eilts et al., 1993; Ruel et al., 1998; Paltiel et al., 2002; Gouletsou et al., 61 2008; Freitas et al., 2013;Freitas et al., 2015). Ultrasonography also provides a 62 valuable tool in assessing reproductive pathology (Cartee and Rowles, 1983; 63 Feeney et al., 1987; Pugh and Konde, 1991; Cooney et al., 1992; England, 1995; 64 Keenan, 1998;Nautrup and Tobias, 2001; Hecht, 2008). 65 66In clinical practice, ultrasound images are subjectively assessed and described in 67 terms of their image texture; principally echogenicity and heterogeneity. A small 68 number of studies have proposed a relationship between grossly detectable 69 lesions within the testes and semen quality (England, 1991; Vencato et al., 2014). 70Objective analysis of echogenicity from measurements of pixel intensity is 71 however possible using digital image analysis (Ivancic and Mai, 2008) The aim of this study was to measure testicular and prostatic ultrasonographic 89 echogenicity and heterogeneity using digital image analysis, and investigate the 90 relationships between these measures and semen quality in a group of known 91 fertile dogs. 92 93 Materials and Methods 94 Study animals 95Forty-three stud dogs (21 Labrador Retrievers, 12 Golden Retrievers, 6 German 96 Shepherds, 1 Border Collie, 1 Flat Coated Retriever, 1 Irish Water Spaniel and 1 97Standard Poodle) with a mean weight of 35.5 ± 5.8 kg (range 20.6 to 54.1 kg) 98 aged between 1.1 and 9.3 years (mean 4.2 ± 2.0 years) were examined. Dogs 99 5 were selected on the basis that they met the following inclusion criteria; (1) 100 clinically healthy, (2) o...

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“…PW Doppler shows that the cranial (Fig 12a) and caudal arteries have a high resistance to flow with a biphasic pattern – a sharp narrow systolic peak and low antegrade diastolic flow – which is typical of many normal small arteries. The parenchymal arteries have low velocities, with a monophasic flow pattern (Freitas and others 2015) (Fig 12b). The velocity decreases between the cranial prostatic artery and the parenchymal prostatic artery.…”

Section: Imaging the Prostate Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…* Adapted from Freitas and others (2015)EDV End diastolic velocity, PI Pulsatility index, PSV Peak systolic velocity, RI Resistance index…”

Section: Imaging the Prostate Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonography of the prostate gland and testes in dogs

Souza¹,

Silva²,

Moxon³

et al. 2016

In Practice

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Companion Animals Ultrasonographic imaging is an important diagnostic tool because it allows assessment of the shape, size, position, margination and internal architecture of organs, as well as facilitating the study of vascular supply and vascularisation. Recently, there has been considerable development of B-mode, Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for examination of the reproductive tract of dogs, both for studying normal physiology and in the clinical setting. This article describes the practical examination of the canine prostate gland and testes using a variety of ultrasound techniques, and details the normal appearance and blood flow of these organs as well as changes that may be observed with common reproductive disorders. Imaging the prostate gland An image of the prostate gland can be achieved by placing the ultrasound transducer on the caudoventral abdomen, adjacent to the prepuce. Most dogs can be examined without sedation while standing or when positioned in dorsal or lateral recumbency. A 7.5 to 10.0 MHz transducer is preferable and imaging is facilitated by the presence of urine within the bladder. Imaging should always be undertaken in both the transverse and longitudinal planes, while the frontal (dorsal) plane is also useful. When the prostate lies entirely within the pelvis, transrectal imaging can be performed in large dogs but not in small dogs. B-mode ultrasonography Normal prostate gland The prostate is an ovoid-shaped, bilobed gland positioned

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Two-dimensional and Doppler sonographic prostatic appearance of sexually intact French Bulldogs

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Canine prostate specific esterase (CPSE) as an useful biomarker in preventive screening programme of canine prostate: CPSE threshold value assessment and its correlation with ultrasonographic prostatic abnormalities in asymptomatic dogs

Canine prostate specific esterase (CPSE) as an useful biomarker in preventive screening programme of canine prostate: CPSE threshold value assessment and its correlation with ultrasonographic prostatic abnormalities in asymptomatic dogs

Digital image analysis of testicular and prostatic ultrasonographic echogencity and heterogeneity in dogs and the relation to semen quality

Ultrasonography of the prostate gland and testes in dogs

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