Two Consecutive Days of Extreme Conditioning Program Training Affects Pro and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines and Osteoprotegerin without Impairments in Muscle Power

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two consecutive extreme conditioning program training sessions (24 h apart) designed to enhance work-capacity that involved both cardiovascular and muscular exercises on cytokines, muscle power, blood lactate and glucose. Nine male members of the extreme conditioning community (age 26.7 ± 6.6 years; body mass 78.8 ± 13.2 kg; body fat 13.5 ± 6.2%; training experience 2.5 ± 1.2 years) completed two experimental protocols (24 h apart): (1) strength and power exercises, (2) gymnastic movements, and (3) metabolic conditioning as follows: 10 min of as many rounds as possible (AMRAP) of 30 double-unders and 15 power snatches (34 kg). The same sequence as repeated on session 2 with the following metabolic conditioning: 12 min AMRAP of: row 250 m and 25 target burpees. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and osteoprotegerin were measured before, immediately post and 24 h after workout of the day (WOD) 1, immediately post, 24 and 48 h after WOD 2. Peak and mean power were obtained for each repetition (back squat with 50% of 1 repetition maximum) using a linear position transducer measured before, immediately post and 24 h after WOD 1, immediately post and 24 h after WOD 2. Blood lactate and glucose were measured pre and immediately post WOD 1 and 2. Although both sessions of exercise elicited an significant increase in blood lactate (1.20 ± 0.41 to 11.84 ± 1.34 vs. 0.94 ± 0.34 to 9.05 ± 2.56 mmol/l) and glucose concentration (81.59 ± 10.27 to 114.99 ± 12.52 vs. 69.47 ± 6.97 to 89.95 ± 19.26 mg/dL), WOD 1 induced a significantly greater increase than WOD 2 (p ≤ 0.05). The training sessions elicited significant changes (p ≤ 0.05) in IL-6, IL-10 and osteoprotegerin concentration over time. IL-6 displayed an increase immediately after training WOD 1 [197 ± 109%] (p = 0.009) and 2 [99 ± 58%] (p = 0.045). IL-10 displayed an increase immediately after only WOD 1 [44 ± 52%] (p = 0.046), and decreased 24 and 48 h following WOD 2 (~40%; p = 0.018) as compared to pre-exercise values. Osteoprotegerin displayed a decrease 48 h following WOD 2 (~25%; p = 0.018) as compared with pre intervention. In conclusion, two consecutive extreme conditioning training sessions increase pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines with no interference on muscle performance in the recovery period.

Concurrent high-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise modulates systemic release of alarmins (HMGB1, S100A8/A9, HSP70) and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy young men: a pilot study

“…Exercise training in the present study appeared not to modulate changes in sRAGE concentration. This contrasted with previous reports, where high-intensity aerobic exercise training for 8 weeks increased plasma concentrations of sRAGE in sedentary men [34], and 3 months of aerobic exercise also enhanced plasma sRAGE in diabetic patients [5]. One explanation may be that 3 weeks of exercise with increasing workload was too short to induce similar effects as reported by others.…”

“…One explanation may be that 3 weeks of exercise with increasing workload was too short to induce similar effects as reported by others. Another possibility is that the subjects in this study were young, active men with no co-morbidities, which was different from the subjects recruited by Santilli et al [34] and Choi et al [5]. Another possibility for the discrepancy could be due to the combined energetic pathways (aerobic, anaerobic) of the exercise training program, which may be insufficient to modulate increased sRAGE release.…”

“…During treadmill running, subjects used mainly energetic systems between VT 1 and VT 2 [31] for the first 2 weeks and switched to slightly above VT 2 in week 3, suggesting the subjects were more reliant on anaerobic energetic systems during week 3. The exercise model in the present study closely resembles highintensity interval exercises such as Crossfit® programs [34] that are gaining popularity with the general public.…”

Muscular fatigue in response to different modalities of CrossFit sessions

“…Possible mechanisms that may produce fatigue during Crossfit WOD have been investigated in a single study examining the effects of one and two consecutive Crossfit sessions on metabolic responses (lactate and blood glucose), muscle power production and cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-10 and osteoprotegin) [ 16 ]. Thus, given the high technical demands of some CrossFit exercises along with the known effects of fatigue on movement biodynamics, this study was designed to examine fatigue levels induced by the three CrossFit workout modalities (G, M and W) by assessing metabolic responses (blood lactate concentrations) and CMJ jump performance losses.…”

Periodización del entrenamiento aplicada a los programas de entrenamiento extremo

“…), além de movimentos gímnicos e corporais (suspensão na barra, flexão de braço, flexão de parada-de-mão, subida na corda, subida na argola, pé na barra, agachamento, e etc.) 1,2 . São realizados em formato de circuito, muitas vezes, com um tempo fixado para realizar um número de repetições ou realizar uma tarefa específica no menor tempo possível, sem ou com curtos períodos de descanso entre as séries.…”