Concurrent high-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise modulates systemic release of alarmins (HMGB1, S100A8/A9, HSP70) and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy young men: a pilot study

Abstract

Background: Intense exercise is a systemic stressor associated with the release of "danger" moleculesalarmins, by damaged or dying cells into systemic circulation to evoke a sterile inflammatory response. Compared with research in clinical diseases, physiological responses of alarmins to exercise and training are not well studied. Shortterm responses to exercise and training using a panel of alarmins -HMGB1, S100A8/A9, HSP70 and sRAGE may reveal unique aspects of stress responses to strenuous exercise, with important ramifications when prescribing exercise to generally healthy adults. Methods: A 3-week, high-intensity training program was performed by healthy young men (N = 7). Concurrent aerobic and resistance exercises were performed on 3 consecutive days each week. Blood and saliva were collected before (Pre), immediately after (Post), and 30 min (30 min) after exercise each week, and 24 h after the final exercise session in week 3 (24 h). Results: Plasma HMGB1, S100A8/A9 and HSP70 increased from Pre to Post (P < 0.05), although at different timepoints during the study, and displayed different kinetics from IL-10, IL-8 and IFN-γ, suggesting unique mechanisms involved in modulating their release and clearance. CD14 + CD16 − monocytes increased from Pre to Post across 3 weeks; CD14 + CD16 + monocytes increased from Pre to Post in week 2 and 3 (P < 0.05). ΔHMGB1 and ΔHSP70 correlated positively with ΔMCP-1 during 3 weeks of training. As well, ΔHMGB1 correlated positively with CD14 + CD16 − monocytes, suggesting higher alarmin release after strenuous exercise may involve increase in circulating monocytes. Conclusions: Perturbations in systemic alarmins are novel biological signatures for assessing the inflammatory milieu of healthy adults during high-intensity exercise.

Weight bearing training alleviates muscle atrophy and pyroptosis of middle-aged rats

“…Hmgb1 attracts more attention in sports science in recent years, which is considered as “alarmin: that induces a systemic sterile inflammatory state during acute high-intensity exercise. In contrast, Hmgb1 expression is inhibited and health is improved by long-term regular exercise training ( 35 ).…”

Interleukin-6 as Immune System and Inflammation Biomarker on the Response of Basic Pencak Silat Exercise in Perguruan Pencak Silat Perisai Diri, Bojonegoro

“…IL-6 is the only myokine known that can be released from the skeletal muscle to the circulation in the concentration needed [22]. IL-6 is also regulated in adipose tissue and released as the response to exercise [10], [23]. IL-6 secreted from adipose tissue also contributes in systemic elevation of IL-6 in exercise [24].…”

“…Intracellular response will be activated by the binding between HMGB1 and the surface of immune cell that aims to control the function of immunity cells, including chemotaxis and modulation of immune system [9]. There will be increase in systemic HMGB1 after doing aerobic exercise with high intensity, treadmill, marathon run, and 5 min step test in hypoxic room [10].…”

The difference of VO2max and immune profile (Hmbgl, cortisol, ll-6, Tnf alpha, number of leukocytes, neutrophils and monocytes) in adolescents who were trained and untrained in basketball

“…HMGB1 plasma increased from Pre to Post (p < .05). Monocytes increased from Pre to Post in 3 weeks; HMGB1 is positively correlated with monocytes, indicating the higher release of alarmin after strenuous exercise may involve an increase in circulating monocytes (Goh et. al., 2020).…”