Two chitinase 5 genes from Locusta migratoria: Molecular characteristics and functional differentiation

Li, Daqi; Zhang, Jianqin; Wang, Yan; Liu, Xiaojian; Ma, Enbo; Sun, Yuqiang; Li, Sheng; Zhu, Kun Yan; Zhang, Jianzhen

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.01.004

Cited by 82 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…B). CHT5, CHT10 and UAP1 play important roles in chitin degradation and biosynthesis during insect moulting (Li et al ., ; Yang et al ., ; Liu et al ., ). Thus, we confirmed the expression of CHT5 and CHT10 in both ds GFP ‐treated and ds LmHR39 ‐treated animals using RT‐qPCR.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insect chitinases are responsible for the degradation of chitin and facilitate shedding of the old cuticle, playing important roles in insect moulting, extension of the wings, digestion and immunity (Hale et al ., ). Chitin is the main component of the insect cuticle, and its synthesis and degradation genes respond to regulation of the 20E signalling pathway (Yao et al ., ; Li et al ., ; Zhang and Zheng, ; Liu et al ., ). Our previous study verified that LmHR3 is involved in the moulting of Locusta migratoria by regulating the chitin synthesis and degradation genes (Zhao et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nuclear receptor hormone receptor 39 is required for locust moulting by regulating the chitinase and carboxypeptidase genes

Zhao

Qin

Zhang

et al. 2019

Insect Molecular Biology

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The nuclear receptor‐mediated 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) signalling pathway plays crucial roles in insects by initiating and regulating moulting and metamorphosis. In the present study, we identified and characterized a cDNA encoding a putative nuclear receptor protein (Locusta migratoria hormone receptor 39, LmHR39) based on L. migratoria transcriptomics data. Reverse‐transcription quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) revealed that LmHR39 shows low‐level expression in the early days of fifth‐instar nymphs, and peak expression occurs on day 5, which is followed by a decrease before ecdysis. LmHR39 transcription could be induced by 20E in vivo and was significantly suppressed by knocking down the expression of the L. migratoria ecdysone receptor gene and early‐late gene LmHR3. After RNA interference of LmHR39 with double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA), 85% of the insects showed abnormal morphology, with curly wings after moulting and delayed eclosion time. Haematoxylin and eosin staining indicated that apolysis of the integument and wing pad cuticle in the dsLmHR39‐treated insects was delayed compared to that in the dsRNA for green fluorescent protein‐injected control. Furthermore, RNA‐sequencing and RT‐qPCR analysis showed the expression level of carboxypeptidase genes (Carboxypeptidase A (CPA) and Carboxypeptidase M (CPM)) and chitin degrading genes (LmChitinase5 (LmCHT5) and LmChitinase10 (LmCHT10)) dramatically declined in the dsLmHR39‐treated insects, implying that the LmHR39‐mediated 20E signalling pathway is involved in the regulation of carboxypeptidase genes (CPA and CPM) and chitinase genes (LmCHT5 and LmCHT10), and participated in apolysis of the integument and wing pads during locust moulting.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear receptor hormone receptor 39 is required for locust moulting by regulating the chitinase and carboxypeptidase genes

Zhao

Qin

Zhang

et al. 2019

Insect Molecular Biology

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“…The two GH18 domains of OfChtIII possess similar structures and substrate specificities, which differentiate them from the chitinolytic chitinase OfChtI-CAD (Zhu et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2012;Li et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The deduced role of a chitinase containing two nonsynergistic catalytic domains

Liu

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2018

Acta Cryst Sect D Struct Biol

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The glycoside hydrolase family 18 chitinases degrade or alter chitin. Multiple catalytic domains in a glycoside hydrolase family 18 chitinase function synergistically during chitin degradation. Here, an insect group III chitinase from the agricultural pest Ostrinia furnacalis (OfChtIII) is revealed to be an arthropod-conserved chitinase that contains two nonsynergistic GH18 domains according to its catalytic properties. Both GH18 domains are active towards single-chained chitin substrates, but are inactive towards insoluble chitin substrates. The crystal structures of each unbound GH18 domain, as well as of GH18 domains complexed with hexa-N-acetyl-chitohexaose or penta-N-acetylchitopentaose, suggest that the two GH18 domains possess endo-specific activities. Physiological data indicated that the developmental stage-dependent gene-expression pattern of OfChtIII was the same as that of the chitin synthase OfChsA but significantly different from that of the chitinase OfChtI, which is indispensable for cuticular chitin degradation. Additionally, immunological staining indicated that OfChtIII was co-localized with OfChsA. Thus, OfChtIII is most likely to be involved in the chitin-synthesis pathway.

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“…CHT5 and CHT8 are chitinases that are expressed in all stages, but most highly in the 5 th instar. Data from Locusta migratoria suggests that CHT5 is involved in chitin metabolism during cuticle turnover [66]. Also present is dusky-like , which is important for bristle development and wing hair morphogenesis in D .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome profiling of ontogeny in the acridid grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus

et al. 2017

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Acridid grasshoppers (Orthoptera:Acrididae) are widely used model organisms for developmental, evolutionary, and neurobiological research. Although there has been recent influx of orthopteran transcriptomic resources, many use pooled ontogenetic stages obscuring information about changes in gene expression during development. Here we developed a de novo transcriptome spanning 7 stages in the life cycle of the acridid grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus. Samples from different stages encompassing embryonic development through adults were used for transcriptomic profiling, revealing patterns of differential gene expression that highlight processes in the different life stages. These patterns were validated with semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Embryonic development showed a strongly differentiated expression pattern compared to all of the other stages and genes upregulated in this stage were involved in signaling, cellular differentiation, and organ development. Our study is one of the first to examine gene expression during post-embryonic development in a hemimetabolous insect and we found that only the fourth and fifth instars had clusters of genes upregulated during these stages. These genes are involved in various processes ranging from synthesis of biogenic amines to chitin binding. These observations indicate that post-embryonic ontogeny is not a continuous process and that some instars are differentiated. Finally, genes upregulated in the imago were generally involved in aging and immunity. Our study highlights the importance of looking at ontogeny as a whole and indicates promising directions for future research in orthopteran development.

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Two chitinase 5 genes from Locusta migratoria: Molecular characteristics and functional differentiation

Cited by 82 publications

References 34 publications

Nuclear receptor hormone receptor 39 is required for locust moulting by regulating the chitinase and carboxypeptidase genes

Nuclear receptor hormone receptor 39 is required for locust moulting by regulating the chitinase and carboxypeptidase genes

The deduced role of a chitinase containing two nonsynergistic catalytic domains

Transcriptome profiling of ontogeny in the acridid grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus

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