Two-channel microelectrochemical bipolar electrode sensor array

Abstract

We report a two-channel microelectrochemical sensor that communicates between separate sensing and reporting microchannels via one or more bipolar electrodes (BPEs). Depending on the contents of each microchannel and the voltage applied across the BPE, faradaic reactions may be activated simultaneously in both channels. As presently configured, one end of the BPE is designated as the sensing pole and the other as the reporting pole. When the sensing pole is activated by a target, electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) is emitted at the reporting pole. Compared to previously reported single-channel BPE sensors, the key advantage of the multichannel architecture reported here is physical separation of the ECL reporting cocktail and the solution containing the target. This prevents chemical interference between the two channels.

Disposable paper-based bipolar electrode array for multiplexed electrochemiluminescence detection of pathogenic DNAs

“…If neglecting the resistance of carbon ink bipolar electrode, oxidation-reduction reactions are driven simultaneously at the reporting poles and sensing poles of BPE when E elec was enough high, one for oxidation of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ /TPrA at anodic poles and the other for reduction of dissolved O 2 at cathodic poles. However, too high E elec would initiate background reactions, such as the oxidation of water, which forms bubble on the BPE both chemically and physically interfering with ECL emission [32,40]. As depicted in Figure 2(C, D), when the voltage reached 3.0 V, a very weak ECL signal was observed from the BPE anodes.…”

“…Later, dualchannel bipolar devices, which could physically separate interferences between the ECL reporting solution and the sensing solution containing targets and effectively eliminate the background signals from driving electrode, were reported [32][33][34].…”

Digital versatile disc bipolar electrode: A fast and low-cost approach for visual sensing of analytes and electrocatalysts screening

“…Recently, bipolar electrochemistry has been adopted in some fields in chemistry such as analysis [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] and screening of electrocatalysts [3,[24][25][26][27]. Electrocatalyst screening and analyte detection are signaled through fluorescence, electro generated chemiluminescence (ECL), and anodic dissolution of a metal film [28].…”

Linking glucose oxidation to luminol-based electrochemiluminescence using bipolar electrochemistry

“…For instance, Pt-labelled target DNA was detected by its catalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction when hybridised with an immobilised capture probe [5]. Significant improvements of BPE systems were achieved by introduction of a two-channel bipolar sensor, that separates sensing and reporting solutions [6], the development of a closed bipolar system additionally avoiding interfering reactions at the feeder electrodes [7], and a dual-channel configuration using two-direction feeder electrodes with which suppression of background ECL and a current efficiency of theoretically 100% were attained [8].…”