Two cases of transfusion‐transmitted hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a low‐endemic country before implementation of HBV nucleic acid testing

Servant‐Delmas, Annabelle; Chuteau, C.; Lefort, C.; Piquet, Y.; Chevaleyre, Sylvie; Betbeze, Véronique; Delhoume, M.; Hantz, Sébastien; Alain, Sophie; Laperche, Syria

doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03736.x

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…The countries of the Americas and European are considered by the WHO to be of low prevalence for HBV [1]. Blood services estimated the residual risk before HBV-NAT ranging from 1: 62,500 to 1: 640,000 and after HBV-NAT ranging from 1: 115,000 to 1: 8,000,000 [15,27,28,29,30,31]. Considered by WHO as regions of medium and high prevalence of HBV infection, respectively, the Republic of Korea and the African continent described the RR before HBV-NAT between 1: 121 and 1: 1,000 and after HBV-NAT, Republic of Korea and the South Africa, between 1: 39,956 and 1: 43,666 [32,33,34,35,36,37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, incidence and residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HBV infection before and after the implementation of HBV-NAT in northern Brazil

Corrêa¹,

Lamarão²,

Vieira³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundNucleic acid testing (NAT) for virus detection during blood screening has helped to prevent transfusion-transmitted infections worldwide. In northern Brazil, NAT was implemented in 2012 for HIV and HCV and more recently, in January 2015, the screening for HBV was included and currently used concomitant with serological tests (HBsAg and anti-HBc). This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and the incidence of HBV infection among voluntary blood donors at ten regional blood centers of HEMOPA Foundation in Pará state and to compare the residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HBV infection before and after the Brazilian HBV-NAT implementation.MethodsThe prevalence (restricted to first time donors- FT) and seroconversion rate (restricted to repeat donors- RP) of HBV were calculated based on rates of confirmed positive samples. Residual risk was based on the incidence and window period (WP) model described by Schreiber and coauthors. Logistic and Poisson regression were used in the statistical analysis by SPSS v20.0. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsHBV prevalence in the periods before and after the implementation of HBV-NAT were 247 and 251 per 100,000 donations, respectively. Seroconversion rates were 114 and 122 per 100,000 donations in the two periods, respectively. The residual risk (RR) for HBV decreased significantly in the posterior period to the HBV-NAT implementation, when compared to RR before implementation, with a reduction of 1:144,92 to 1:294,11 donations (p <0,001).ConclusionsThe RR to HBV decreased after the implementation of HBV-NAT, increasing significantly the transfusional security in the North region of Brazil at HEMOPA Foundation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, incidence and residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HBV infection before and after the implementation of HBV-NAT in northern Brazil

Corrêa¹,

Lamarão²,

Vieira³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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“…Seventeen of 24 HBV NAT DNA–positive but HBsAg‐negative samples had viral loads clearly less than 10 IU/mL. Blood products with these very low HBV viral loads are potentially infectious, as was shown in several recent reports . Which sensitivity limit should be implemented in future donor screening programs still needs to be determined in a controlled study; however, based on our observations, a theoretical sensitivity limit below 5 IU/mL must be achieved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…It has been demonstrated that HBV transfusion‐transmitted infections often occur from WP cases with very low viral loads often below the linear range of the detection assay (<5 IU/mL) . The risk of viral transmission, however, does not solely depend on the viral dose; other factors, such as the anti‐HBs status of the donor, the immune status of the recipient, and the amount of plasma transfused, equally play a vital role in the viral transmission .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B virus DNA viral load determination in hepatitis B surface antigen–negative Swiss blood donors

et al. 2014

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“…The HBV residual risk was estimated at 1 : 640.000 for the 1992-2003 period, and the cost-effectiveness of HIV/HCV NAT was thought poor [42]. Before introduction of HBV NAT screening in 2010, the HBV residual risk was calculated as 1 : 1,886.792, with a lookback research confirming only two cases of HBV transmitted by blood transfusion [43].…”

Section: Developed Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Risk of Hepatitis-B-Infected Blood Donations: Estimation Methods and Perspectives

Kupek

2013

ISRN Infectious Diseases

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Despite a considerable reduction of the risk of HBV-infected blood donation entering blood supply (residual risk) due to improved screening by HBV NAT in the developed countries, the bulk of the people with HBV living in the developing countries still needs to be screened by serologic tests such as HBsAg and anti-HBc. Many of these countries lack resources for implementing NAT and are likely to remain so in the next decade or longer, thus depending on the HBV residual risk monitoring based on serologic testing and corresponding estimation methods. This paper reviews main HBV residual risk findings worldwide and the methods based on serology used for their calculation with repeat donors, as well as their extension to the first-time donors. Two artificial datasets with high (4.36%) and low (0.48%) HBV prevalence were generated to test the performance of five methods: the original incidence/window-period model based solely on HBsAg, its modification by Soldan in 2003, the Müller-Breitkreutz model, the HBsAg yield model, and its extension to include anti-HBc seroconversions within a year. The last model was closest to the true values of residual risk and had smallest variation of the estimates in both high and low prevalence data. It may be used for residual risk evaluation in relatively small samples, such as regional blood banks data.

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Two cases of transfusion‐transmitted hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a low‐endemic country before implementation of HBV nucleic acid testing

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Prevalence, incidence and residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HBV infection before and after the implementation of HBV-NAT in northern Brazil

Prevalence, incidence and residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HBV infection before and after the implementation of HBV-NAT in northern Brazil

Hepatitis B virus DNA viral load determination in hepatitis B surface antigen–negative Swiss blood donors

Residual Risk of Hepatitis-B-Infected Blood Donations: Estimation Methods and Perspectives

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