Residual Risk of Hepatitis-B-Infected Blood Donations: Estimation Methods and Perspectives

Kupek, Emil

doi:10.5402/2013/839896

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 89 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…HCV RNA testing is also important to confirm viraemic infection and need for treatment, as approximately 15 to 45% of those who are HCV antibody positive will have spontaneously cleared the virus. Moreover, HBV DNA and HCV RNA are the only markers detectable during a pre-seroconversion period and hence blood supplies not tested for viraemia represent an important source of new infections [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Values, preferences and current hepatitis B and C testing practices in low- and middle-income countries: results of a survey of end users and implementers

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAccess to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnostics remains a key bottleneck in scale-up of access to HBV and HCV treatment, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) that lack laboratory resources and skilled personnel. To inform the development of World Health Organization (WHO) testing guidelines on who to test and how to test, we performed a “values and preferences” survey of end users and implementers of hepatitis testing in LMICs on current hepatitis B and C testing practices and acceptability of diagnostic approaches, as well as preferences for the future.MethodsThe survey consisted of a four-part, 28 question online survey tool using SurveyMonkey software. The invitation to participate was sent via email to a network of contacts in hepatitis clinical care, research, advocacy and industry.ResultsThe survey collected responses on current testing practices from 48 respondents in 23 LMICs. Only a small proportion of hepatitis testing is currently funded through government-supported programmes. Most limit their testing programmes to blood donor screening and although testing is recommended in several populations, this is not well implemented. Also, there is still very limited access to virological testing.ConclusionsThe survey showed that HBV and HCV testing programmes in LMICs are inadequate and/or scarce. Lack of affordable diagnostic tests; lack of funding, public education and awareness; absence of national policies and guidelines; and a dearth of skilled health professionals are the most important barriers to scaling up HBV and HCV diagnosis and treatment.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-017-2769-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Values, preferences and current hepatitis B and C testing practices in low- and middle-income countries: results of a survey of end users and implementers

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 9 Most blood bank screening panels consist of HBsAg and anti-HBc total (IgM + IgG). 10 The anti-HBc total (IgM + IgG) is used to detect both previous and current HBV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus core antibodies among blood donors in Nigeria: Implications for blood safety

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) testing improves transfusion safety by detecting past and current hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection while detecting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serology-negative HBV infection. However, occult HBV infection (OBI) (serum or liver HBV DNA-positive but HBsAg-negative) remains unaddressed among replacement blood donors – family members or friends who donate to replace blood transfused to a relative.Objective: This study assessed risk factors for a positive anti-HBc test among donors with OBI and determined the anti-HBc-positive status of replacement donors.Methods: The study was conducted at the University College Hospital Blood Bank, Ibadan, Nigeria, using blood samples collected from blood donors between April 2019 and May 2019. Donors were screened for HBsAg by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and anti-HBc by ELISA, while HBV DNA was detected using a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction.Results: Of the 274 participants, 15 (5.5%) were HBsAg-positive by RDT and 36 (13.1%) by ELISA, while 133 (48.5%) were anti-HBc positive. Out of 232 HBsAg-negative donors, 107 (46.1%) were anti-HBc positive. Of the 107 HBsAg-negative but anti-HBc-positive samples, only one (0.93%) was HBV DNA-positive. The HBV DNA-positive donor was HBsAg-negative by both RDT and ELISA tests.Conclusion: This study establishes a potential risk for HBV transmission from isolated anti-HBc-positive donors to blood recipients. HBc immunoglobulin (antibody) M testing to identify blood units requiring further screening with polymerase chain reaction to detect OBI can prevent HBV transmission through blood transfusion.

show abstract

“…The blood borne pathogens were reported in regular and repeat blood donors but almost always pose a lower risk of infectious donations than first time blood donors. Blood safety of regular and repeat blood donors was well documented in different studies 5,20,32–34 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral safety of recovered plasma for contract fractionation; an Iranian experience, 2006–2015

Amini-Kafiabad

Pourfatollah

2021

Transfusion Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective The current study analysed the viral safety among Iranian blood donors. Background Plasma products demand is increasing in the world. With contract plasma fractionation, the plasma wastage decreases and the access of patients to plasma‐derived medicines (PDM) improves. Study and Design Method Screening results including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Ag/Ab of 19 054 036 donations from 2006 to 2015 were analysed. The plasma for fractionation was tested for HBV DNA, HCV RNA, HIV RNA, HAV RNA, and Parvovirus B19 DNA by fractionators. New samples were collected from the positive donors and retested. The prevalence of serological and nucleic acid testing (NAT) markers per 105 donations, 95% confidential interval (CI), and p‐values were calculated. Results The prevalence of markers was as follows: 250/105 donations for HBsAg from 516 in 2006 to 116/105 donations in 2015; 74/105 donations for HCV, decreasing from 127 to 41/105 and 3.6/105 for HIV during current study. During 10 years, 5 713 641 units of recovered plasma were shipped for contract fractionation to produce PDM; 0.26/105 donations for HBV DNA and 0.14/105 for HCV RNA were reported positive. The results of five retested samples for HBV and one sample for HCV were negative. Conclusion The prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV in blood donations was extremely low. Thanks to the availability, high quality and safety of recovered plasma as a result of the improvements in the quality system at IBTO, this plasma could be used for the production of PDMPs.

show abstract

Residual Risk of Hepatitis-B-Infected Blood Donations: Estimation Methods and Perspectives

Cited by 8 publications

References 89 publications

Values, preferences and current hepatitis B and C testing practices in low- and middle-income countries: results of a survey of end users and implementers

Values, preferences and current hepatitis B and C testing practices in low- and middle-income countries: results of a survey of end users and implementers

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus core antibodies among blood donors in Nigeria: Implications for blood safety

Viral safety of recovered plasma for contract fractionation; an Iranian experience, 2006–2015

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About