Twinning in Dairy Cattle and Its Relation to Production

Meadows, C.E.; Lush, Jay L.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(57)94653-2

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, the gain 2 w h -n d . . in accuracy by introducing the term 2pq, where p and q are the observed frequencies of males and females in the twin sample, is very slight, as pointed out by MEADOWS and LUSH (1957). The intra-uterine and perinatal mortality, which is known to be selective against males, is much higher for twins than for single born animals, and the sex ratio of twins is seldom higher than 52 % males (cf .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of variation in the frequency of monozygous and dizygous twinning in various breeds of cattle

2009

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A statistical investigation has been made comprising 12 European cattle breeds with a total of about 5.3 milj. calvings and 120,000 twin births. Season of conception has a marked influence on the frequency of twin births, one maximum corresponding to spring and another one to autumn conceptions. There are significant breed differences in the relation between age of the cows, measured in parities, and the frequency of monozygous (MZ) as well as dizygous (DZ) twin births. On an average, the DZ frequency increases more than the MZ frequency from the first to the fourth‐fifth calving; then the age‐curves show a plateauing tendency. After the first twin birth, the twinning frequency at the following calvings is 4–5 times higher than in the general population. Apparently, twinning depends on polygenic inheritance and also on various environmental influences, with a threshold for the phenotypic manifestation. It may be assumed that the underlying liability of the cows in a population to bear twins has an approximately normal distribution. The heritability of twinning has been estimated on the binomial p‐scale as well as on the x‐scale of the normal curve. On the p‐scale the heritability of twinning was found to be about 0.02 which corresponds to 0.16 on the x‐scale, although with some differences between breeds.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of variation in the frequency of monozygous and dizygous twinning in various breeds of cattle

2009

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“…These 7,189 calvings produced 7,372 calves thus indicating a twinning percentage of 2.54%. This also falls within the range of the results of prior investigators such as Meadows and Lush (1957) who showed an average of 3.08% twin births for Holsteins, 2.58% for five dairy breeds. The herds showed a range from 0.38% (Herd no.…”

Section: Sex Ratio Of Calvessupporting

confidence: 88%

“…A few of them will not be barren but, on the other hand calf mortality seems to be slightly higher among twin calves. Meadows and Lush (1957) found a total death loss of 5.4% up to 30 days among single calves while the death loss to 30 days in twin births was 10.1%.…”

Section: Sex Ratio Of Calvesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Survivorship in dairy cows

Meek

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“…Their value lies in the fact that each pair of twins provides an almost pure genetic background. However, such studies are severely limited by the low natural incidence of identical twins and it has been calculated that monozygotic twins in cattle account for only about 4% of twin births (Meadows and Lush 1957)_ The artificial production of identical offspring, particularly in farm animals, would be of great value, but to date no success has been achieved in any vertebrate_ In addition, there is little information available on the events which occur during the natural production of identical offspring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Survival of Single Blastomeres of Pig Eggs Transferred to Recipient Gilts

Moore¹,

Polge²,

Rowson³

1969

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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SummarySingle blastomeres of four-and six-celled pig eggs, either enclosed in their own zona pellucida, or injected into a foreign zona pellucida, were transferred to recipient gilts which were autopsied 5-6 days later. A control group in which the zona pellucida was penetrated without disturbing the blastomeres was included in the experiment.At autopsy the following percentages of transferred eggs were recovered as normal blastocysts: zona penetrated, 77% (22 eggs transferred); single blastomeres in own zona, 35 % (48 eggs transferred); single blastomeres in foreign zona, 0 % (30 eggs transferred).The possible reasons for partial failure of single blastomeres to develop in their own zona pellucida and complete failure of those in a foreign zona pellucida are briefly discussed.

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Twinning in Dairy Cattle and Its Relation to Production

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Causes of variation in the frequency of monozygous and dizygous twinning in various breeds of cattle

Causes of variation in the frequency of monozygous and dizygous twinning in various breeds of cattle

Survivorship in dairy cows

The Survival of Single Blastomeres of Pig Eggs Transferred to Recipient Gilts

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