Twin- or single-screw extrusion of raw soybeans and preconditioned soybean meal and corn as individual ingredients or as corn-soybean product blends in diets for weanling swine1

Abstract

Two 28-d experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of extrusion of ground yellow corn, solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM), and cracked whole soybeans (CWS) individually or as corn-soybean product blends on growth performance of weanling pigs. For Exp. 1, ground corn, SBM, and the corn-SBM blend were extruded at 137.5°C, 131.5°C, and 135.0°C, respectively, in a twin-screw extruder. Transit time was 60 s. Water was injected at 125 gmin during extrusion. The 5 treatments were the corn-SBM control diet and the diets with extruded (EX) corn + SBM, EX-SBM + corn, EX-corn + EX-SBM, and the EX-blend of corn-SBM. Ninety crossbred pigs with an initial average BW of 5.98 kg were allotted to 9 treatment replications with a barrow and gilt per pen. For Exp. 2, ground corn was preconditioned with water (10.0% of corn weight), and SBM was preconditioned with water and soybean oil (each at 20.0% of SBM weight) before extrusion. Raw CWS were not preconditioned. The corn, SBM, CWS, corn-SBM blend, and corn-CWS blend were extruded at 113.0°C, 132.0°C, 132.0°C, 88.0°C, and 102°C, respectively, with a single-screw extruder. Transit time was 30 s. The 8 isocaloric treatments were the corn-SBM control diet and the diets with EX-corn + SBM, EX-SBM + corn, EX-corn + EX-SBM, the EX-blend of corn-SBM, EX-CWS + corn, EX-CWS + EX-corn, and the EX-blend of corn-CWS. A total of 296 crossbred pigs with an initial average BW of 6.56 kg were allotted to 10 treatment replications. Sex and pigs per pen (3 or 4) were equalized within replication. Results for both experiments indicate that single- or twin-screw extrusion of ground corn or SBM as individual ingredients or as corn-SBM blends in diets for weanling pigs did not improve 28-d growth performance. However, for Exp. 2 weanling pigs fed the diets with EX-CWS + corn and EX-CWS + EX-corn had greater ( < 0.01) ADG and G:F, respectively, than pigs fed the corn-SBM control diet. The extrusion temperature of 102°C for the corn-CWS blend did not inactivate adequate protease inhibitors in CWS, and pigs fed that diet had poor growth performance. In conclusion, single-screw extrusion of CWS (132°C for 30 s) in diets for weanling pigs improved growth performance compared with pigs fed the corn-SBM control diet. However, twin- or single-screw extrusion of ground yellow corn or solvent-extracted SBM as individual ingredients or as corn-SBM blends in diets for weanling pigs did not improve growth performance compared with pigs fed the corn-SBM control diets.

Effects of corn processing on piglet performance and intestinal parameters

“…In the present work, corn grinding and extrusion resulted in a similar performance, consistent with other studies that also did not find the extrusion process to result in better pig growth performance than grinding (Oliveira et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2014;Veum et al, 2017). Extrusion is generally believed to provide superior performance due to its improvement in nutrient digestibility (Medel et al, 1999;Rojas et al, 2016).…”

The Nutritional Value and Safety of Genetically Unmodified Soybeans and Soybean Feed Products in the Nutrition of Farm Animals

“…In our experiment the urease activity in the raw seeds exceeded 4 mgN•g −1 •min −1 , but in extruded seeds it ranged from 0.08 to less than 0.05 mgN•g −1 •min −1 , depending on the variety. Veum et al [36] confirmed the fact that after proper thermobaric treatment of soybeans the content of anti-nutritional ingredients, especially trypsin inhibitors, was significantly reduced. The treatment improved the digestibility of this soy product and resulted in high protein digestibility and energy.…”

Effects of Processing Methods and Conditioning Temperatures on the Cassava Starch Digestibility and Growth Performance of Broilers

“…There was also an increase in starch digestibility of ileum if corn, wheat, and sorghum diets were PU [ 51 ]. This increase is likely the result of starch gelatinization, which breaks down the intermolecular bonds in the starch granules so that the gelatinized starch is more readily available to intestinal enzymes [ 52 ]. The puffing increases RDS content in barley diets, peas diets, or diets containing potato starch and wheat bran, reducing RS content and thus increasing ileum starch digestibility in pigs [ 53 ].…”