Twenty Years of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection

Megoulas, Nikolaos C.; Koupparis, Michael A.

doi:10.1080/10408340500431306

Cited by 130 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Several authors have established that the ELSD response is linear for a broad range of concentrations (29-31). Nevertheless, other authors have reported that the response of the ELSD detector more closely follows a log-log model (17,32,33). Table III lists the results of fitting the ELSD response data of PC, LPC, and FFA to the linear and log-log models.…”

Section: Response Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Analyses of Phosphatidylcholine, Lysophosphatidylcholine, and Free Fatty Acids

Mengesha

Bummer

2010

AAPS PharmSciTech

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Abstract. This study describes a simple chromatographic method for the simultaneous analyses of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and its hydrolytic degradation products: lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and free fatty acids (FFA). Quantitative determination of PC, LPC, and FFA is essential in order to assure safety and to accurately assess the shelf life of phospholipid-containing products. A single-run normalphase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with evaporative light scattering detector has been developed. The method utilizes an Allsphere silica analytical column and a gradient elution with mobile phases consisting of chloroform: chloroform-methanol (70:30%, v/v) and chloroform-methanolwater-ammonia (45:45:9.5:0.5%, v/v/v/v). The method adequately resolves PC, LPC, and FFA within a run time of 25 min. The quantitative analysis of PC and LPC has been achieved with external standard method. The free fatty acids were analyzed as a group using linoleic acid as representative standard. Linear calibration curves were obtained for PC (1.64-16.3 μg, r 2 =0.9991) and LPC (0.6-5.0 μg, r 2 = 0.9966), while a logarithmic calibration curve was obtained for linoleic acid (1.1-5.8 μg, r 2 =0.9967). The detection and quantification limits of LPC and FFA were 0.04 and 0.1 μg, respectively. As a means of validating the applicability of the assay to pharmaceutical products, PC liposome was subjected to alkaline hydrolytic degradation. Quantitative HPLC analysis showed that 97% of the total mass balance for PC could be accounted for in liposome formulation. The overall results show that the HPLC method could be a useful tool for chromatographic analysis, stability studies, and formulation characterization of phospholipid-based pharmaceuticals.

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Section: Response Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Analyses of Phosphatidylcholine, Lysophosphatidylcholine, and Free Fatty Acids

Mengesha

Bummer

2010

AAPS PharmSciTech

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“…Only instrument gain was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05) for % deviation of slope response for HPMC, and the accuracy results showed that the variables of temperature and instrument gain were significant (P<0.05) while pressure was not statistically significant. Drift tube temperature of the ELSD detector in an ideal scenario should completely volatilize the mobile phase without any loss of analyte by thermal degradation; hence, the temperature would need to be optimized such that there is a minimization of the baseline noise that may occur at low temperatures while also balancing the lack of sensitivity and accuracy that could occur at higher temperatures (25). The variable of nebulizer pressure was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05) toward the sensitivity of the assay.…”

Section: Impact Of Instrument Variables On Critical Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the ELSD works on the principle of detecting nonvolatile particles that scatter light, it is imperative to fully control the variables that are critical for the formation of these particles, most notably the optimal carrier gas pressure, drift tube temperature, and amplifier gain (25,26). A two-level full factorial design was chosen to generate response surfaces in order to choose the optimal carrier gas pressure, drift tube temperature, and amplifier gain (Table I).…”

Section: Detector Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the higher sensitivity (almost equivalent to that of liquid chromatography (LC) method) and solvent compatibility, the ELSD method has some additional advantages over other universal techniques (i.e., refractive index (RI) and LCMS) such as low cost and ease of operation. While this method has several benefits, there are also some limitations such as low selectivity, requirement for volatile mobile phase, nonlinear response, and also being destructive to the sample (25). This detection method has been applied effectively for at least the last two decades to quantify a wide spectrum of natural and synthetic compounds including pharmaceuticals (i.e., drug molecules and excipients including polymers, sugars, lipids, and surfactants) (4,24,(26)(27)(28)(29), natural products and biologics (30,31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Robust Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Polymer (HPMC) and Surfactant (Dodecyl β-D-Maltoside) in Nanosuspensions

Patel

Bummer

2015

AAPS PharmSciTech

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Abstract. This report describes the development of a chromatographic method for the simultaneous quantification of a polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and a surfactant, dodecyl β-Dmaltoside (DM), that are commonly used in the physical stabilization of pharmaceutical formulations such as nanosuspensions and solid dispersions. These excipients are often challenging to quantify due to the lack of chromophores. A reverse phase size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) technique was utilized to develop an accurate and robust assay for the simultaneous quantification of HPMC and DM in a nanosuspension formulation. The statistical design of experiments was used to determine the influence of critical ELSD variables including temperature, pressure, and gain on accuracy, precision, and sensitivity of the assay. A robust design space was identified where it was determined that an increase in the temperature of the drift tube and gain of the instrument increased the accuracy and precision of the assay and a decrease in the nebulizer pressure value increased the sensitivity of the assay. In the optimized design space, response data showed that the assay could quantify HPMC and DM simultaneously with good accuracy, precision, and reproducibility. Overall, SEC-ELSD proved to be a powerful technique for the simultaneous quantification of HPMC and DM. This technique can be used to quantify the amount of HPMC and DM in nanosuspensions, which is critical to understanding their effects on the physical stability of nanosuspensions.KEY WORDS: design of experiments; dodecyl β-D-maltoside; evaporative light scattering detector; HPMC; nanosuspensions.

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“…However, since not all compounds possess strong chromophores, there is a need of a detector to avoid tedious and time-consuming derivatisation steps. The evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) is an attracting alternative because of its quasi-universality, versatility, low-cost and good sensitivity [13,14]. The detection mechanism comprises three stages: nebulisation of the chromatographic effluent, mobile phase evaporation, and detection by measuring the amount of light scattered by particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the coupling between ultra performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detector for selected phytochemical applications

Russo

Guillarme

Rudaz

et al. 2008

J of Separation Science

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Evaluation of the coupling between ultra performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detector for selected phytochemical applications Fast analysis in LC can be performed with sub-2 lm particles at very high pressures (up to 1000 bar) known as ultra performance LC (UPLC). With this configuration, it is possible to obtain fast and/or highly efficient separations compared to conventional LC. For the analysis of compounds without chromophores, the evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) is an attractive alternative because of its quasi-universality, versatility, low-cost and good sensitivity. The UPLC -ELSD was investigated in terms of sensitivity and apparent efficiency, with a conventional ELSD instrument, for two types of commercially available nebulisers, using different mobile phase flow rates and column ids. Results were finally compared with the UPLC -UV configuration. Three applications with phytochemical compounds were selected to highlight the potential of this approach (i.e. the isocratic separations of artemisinin and its derivatives, of calystegines and the gradient separation of several tropane alkaloids). Depending on the used column length, baseline separations were obtained in 3 -10 min, with an average apparent efficiency ranging from 7000 to 30 000 plates.

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Twenty Years of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection

Cited by 130 publications

References 75 publications

Simple Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Analyses of Phosphatidylcholine, Lysophosphatidylcholine, and Free Fatty Acids

Simple Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Analyses of Phosphatidylcholine, Lysophosphatidylcholine, and Free Fatty Acids

Development of a Robust Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Polymer (HPMC) and Surfactant (Dodecyl β-D-Maltoside) in Nanosuspensions

Evaluation of the coupling between ultra performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detector for selected phytochemical applications

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