Twenty-four Hour and Spot Urine Metabolic Evaluations: Correlations Versus Agreements

Hong, Yet Hoi; Dublin, Norman; Razack, Azad Hassan Abdul; Mohd, Mustafa Ali; Husain, Ruby

doi:10.1016/j.urology.2009.08.061

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Twenty-four hour urine collection is a considered superior method of screening for hypercalciuria than a fasting spot UCa/Cr in people [44–46], and 24-hour samples are commonly used to quantify other urinary metals as well [27, 30–31, 34]. The authors are not aware of any direct comparisons of spot versus 24-hour urinary element measurements in dogs, and both methods have been used to demonstrate the presence of hypercalciuria in dogs with CaOx urolithiasis [10, 47–49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary metals in a spontaneous canine model of calcium oxalate urolithiasis

2017

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Calcium oxalate urolithiasis is a common and painful condition in people. The pathogenesis of this disease is complex and poorly understood. Laboratory animal and in vitro studies have demonstrated an effect of multiple trace metals in the crystallization process, and studies in humans have reported relationships between urinary metal concentrations and stone risk. Dogs are a spontaneous model of calcium oxalate urolithiasis, and the metal content of canine calcium oxalate stones mirrors that of human stones. The aim of this study was to test for a relationship between urinary metals and calcium oxalate urolithiasis in dogs. We hypothesized that urinary metals would differ between dogs with and without calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Urine from 122 dogs (71 cases and 51 stone-free controls) was analyzed for calcium and 12 other metals. The cases had higher urinary calcium, copper, iron, and vanadium and lower urinary cobalt. Higher urinary vanadium in the cases was associated with being fed a therapeutic stone-prevention diet. Urinary calcium had a strong positive correlation with strontium and moderate positive correlations with chromium, nickel, and zinc. The results of this study complement the findings of similar human studies and suggest a potential role of trace metals in calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Further investigation into how trace metals may affect stone formation is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary metals in a spontaneous canine model of calcium oxalate urolithiasis

2017

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“…In our study, a significant correlation was detected between the spot urine calcium/creatinine ratio and the 24-hour calcium excretion, although the correlation coefficient was low (r=0.521). Hong et al (16) could not find a correlation between the 24-hour urinary Na excretion and early morning (AM) spot urine Na excretion. They found a significant but low correlation with K (r=0.39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Correlation of 24-Hour Urine Sodium, Potassium and Calcium Measurements with Spot Urine

et al. 2013

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In this study, we analyzed the correlation of sodium(Na), potassium(K) and calcium(Ca) amounts with spot urine (SU) and 21Sodium, potassium and calcium were studied in three sequential 8-h urine collections obtained following the first urination into the toilet at 08.00. Furthermore, the sodium/creatinine, potassium/creatinine, and calcium/ creatinine ratios were studied in the first spot urine obtained during the fasting period following the 24-h urine. Na, K, and Ca excretions were calculated in the 8-h urines of the cases included in the study. The 24-h values were measured with the sum of these three.The correlation of Na, K, and Ca excretion in the 24-h urine with three portions of urine collected for 8 hours and with the spot urine was studied. The first part (Na-K-Ca)1 was collected between 08-16 hours, the second part (Na-K-Ca)2 was colected between 16-24 hours, and the third part (Na-K-Ca)3 was collected between 24-08 hours. The time intervals were written on the bottles and given to the patients in order to avoid confusion. The 24-hour and the spot urine samples were analyzed with the enzymatic colorimetric method using the Integra 800 device. Statistical analysis:The obtained data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 15.0 program. The Student's t test was used to determine the difference between patient and the control groups in terms of the studied parameters; the Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the parameters of the patient and the control groups. The results were recorded as mean±standard deviation. A p level of <0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.

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“…The Bland-Altman approach is considered a better method to assess the agreement between two methods of measurement than correlation, particularly as related to individual patient management [11,16,24]. With this approach, the measurement differences between the two methods are plotted against the mean of the two measurements to visualize how much the measurement by the new method (i.e., estimation using spot urine) differs from the one by the reference method (i.e., measurement of the actual 24-hour urinary excretion).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic value of potassium level in a spot urine sample as an index of 24-hour urinary potassium excretion in unselected patients hospitalized in a hypertension unit

et al. 2017

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BackgroundPrimary hyperaldosteronism may be associated with elevated 24-hour urinary potassium excretion. We evaluated the diagnostic value of spot urine (SU) potassium as an index of 24-hour urinary potassium excretion.MethodsWe measured SU and 24-hour urinary collection potassium and creatinine in 382 patients. Correlations between SU and 24-hour collections were assessed for potassium levels and potassium/creatinine ratios. We used the PAHO formula to estimate 24-hour urinary potassium excretion based on SU potassium level. The agreement between estimated and measured 24-hour urinary potassium excretion was evaluated using the Bland-Altman method. To evaluate diagnostic performance of SU potassium, we calculated areas under the curve (AUC) for SU potassium/creatinine ratio and 24-hour urinary potassium excretion estimated using the PAHO formula.ResultsStrongest correlation between SU and 24-hour collection was found for potassium/creatinine ratio (r = 0.69, P<0.001). The PAHO formula underestimated 24-hour urinary potassium excretion by mean 8.3±18 mmol/d (95% limits of agreement -28 to +44 mmol/d). Diagnostic performance of SU potassium/creatinine ratio was borderline good only if 24-hour urinary potassium excretion was largely elevated (AUC 0.802 for 120 mmol K+/24 h) but poor with lower values (AUC 0.696 for 100 mmol K+/24 h, 0.636 for 80 mmol K+/24 h, 0.675 for 40 mmol K+/24 h). Diagnostic performance of 24-hour urinary potassium excretion estimated by the PAHO formula was excellent with values above 120 mmol/d and good with lower values (AUC 0.941 for 120 mmol K+/24 h, 0.819 for 100 mmol K+/24 h, 0.823 for 80 mmol K+/24 h, 0.836 for 40 mmol K+/24 h).ConclusionsSpot urine potassium/creatinine ratio might be a marker of increased 24-hour urinary potassium excretion and a potentially useful screening test when reliable 24-hour urine collection is not available. The PAHO formula allowed estimation of the 24-hour urinary potassium excretion based on SU measurements with reasonable clinical accuracy.

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Twenty-four Hour and Spot Urine Metabolic Evaluations: Correlations Versus Agreements

Cited by 44 publications

References 19 publications

Urinary metals in a spontaneous canine model of calcium oxalate urolithiasis

Urinary metals in a spontaneous canine model of calcium oxalate urolithiasis

Correlation of 24-Hour Urine Sodium, Potassium and Calcium Measurements with Spot Urine

Diagnostic value of potassium level in a spot urine sample as an index of 24-hour urinary potassium excretion in unselected patients hospitalized in a hypertension unit

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