Twenty Clinically Pertinent Factors/Observations for Percutaneous Absorption in Humans

Law, Rebecca M.; Ngo, Mai A.; Maibach, Howard I.

doi:10.1007/s40257-019-00480-4

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Many factors affecting percutaneous absorption of substances, including base formulation, physicochemical properties, skin application sites, population variability, and skin surface conditions, are taken into consideration, thus, the extrapolated concentration of amla branch extract would be in the range of 0.05–0.1%. 28 , 50 The previous study reported the extrapolated in vitro noncytotoxic concentration (0.1 mg/mL) to the relevant concentration (0.1 and 0.2%) added into cosmetic product is the safe concentration without induction of skin irritation in the clinical study. 29 So, 0.1% was selected to add in the gel preparation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phyllanthus emblica L. (amla) branch: A safe and effective ingredient against skin aging

Chaikul

Kanlayavattanakul

Somkumnerd

et al. 2021

Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

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Background and aim Skin aging influences the changes in skin, including skin dryness, wrinkle, and irregular pigmentation. Amla ( Phyllanthus emblica L.) branch has shown several benefits, but not the anti-skin aging. The study aimed to evaluate the anti-skin aging efficacy of amla branch. Experimental procedure Amla branches were standardized the phenolic acids. The extract was investigated anti-skin aging activities, including antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anti-melanogenesis, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibitory assays. Topical gel containing extract was prepared and evaluated the skin irritation by a single closed patch test. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-control study was performed in 20 volunteers for 84 consecutive days. The tested skin was evaluated by Chromameter® CR 400, Dermalab® USB, Mexameter® MX 18, Corneometer® CM 825, and Visioscan® VC 98. Results Amla branch extract, a dark brown powder, consisted a variety of phenolic acids, mainly sinapic and ferulic acids. The extract exhibited the potent antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities in vitro assays and the melanin suppression through inhibition of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-2 activities, the strong antioxidant, and the potent matrix metalloproteinase-2 in cellular assays at 0.1 mg/mL. Topical gel containing 0.1% extract was a stable and safe formulation. Clinical study was proved the superior anti-skin aging efficacy, including the lightening skin color, the enhanced skin elasticity and hydration, and the skin wrinkle reduction. Conclusion The study results suggested that amla branch is a rich source of bioactive compounds and can be a potential ingredient for utilization in anti-skin aging products.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phyllanthus emblica L. (amla) branch: A safe and effective ingredient against skin aging

Chaikul

Kanlayavattanakul

Somkumnerd

et al. 2021

Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

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“…the lipid matrix within the epidermis, compromised skin barriers in disease states, ageing, concentration of applied dose, formulation differences, surface area, occlusion affecting hydration and temperature, number of doses, skin binding, and skin contact time. (Law et al, 2020; Maibach et al, 1971; Maibach & Feldmann, 1975; Wester & Maibach, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Decontamination may actually increase skin absorption, by washing chemical contaminants into the skin, a phenomenon known as the “wash‐in” effect (Law et al, 2020; Moody & Maibach, 2006). The “wash‐in” effect, demonstrated in animal models and in vitro human studies, may enhance both cutaneous and systemic toxicity by several likely mechanisms including the surfactant effect, hydration effect, acid/base effect, friction effect, and/or artefact effect (Moody & Maibach, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of water skin decontamination in vivo in humans: A systematic review

Kashetsky

Law

Maibach

2021

J of Applied Toxicology

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With the constant possibility of occupational exposures, chemical warfare, and targeted attacks, increased attention has been given to determining effective and timely dermal decontamination strategies. This systematic review summarises experimental studies reporting decontamination with water‐based solutions of dermal chemical contaminants with in vivo human data. Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were comprehensively searched using search terms (“cutaneous” or “skin” or “dermal” or “percutaneous”) and (“decontamination” or “decontaminant” or “skin decontamination”) to include 10 studies, representing 18 chemical contaminants, 199 participants, and 351 decontamination outcomes. Three studies included data from decontamination with water (10.8%, n = 38/351 decontamination outcomes), seven with soap and water (68.4%, n = 240/351 decontamination outcomes), and two with 10% isopropanol distilled water (20.8%, n = 73/351 decontamination outcomes). Results of dermal decontamination using water showed complete decontamination (CD) outcomes in 52.6% (n = 20/38) and partial decontamination (PD) in 47.4% (n = 18/38); using soap and water showed PD outcomes in 92.9% (n = 223/240) and minimal to no effect in 7.1% (n = 17/240); and using 10% isopropanol distilled water achieved PD outcomes in 100.0% (n = 73/73). Available data show that decontamination with water, soap and water, and 10% isopropanol distilled water is incomplete. Much remains to be learned about decontamination of the large variety of chemical contaminants including a range of molecular weights, lipid and water solubilities, melting points, volatility, and hydrogen bonds, as well as clinically relevant anatomic sites. A major void exists in data confirming or denying the completeness of decontamination by measuring absorption and excretion. The development of effective decontamination solutions is of high priority.

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“…On the other hand, some additional factors such as the skin of different populations (pediatric, adult, elderly, different ethnicity, diseased) or different anatomical regions (face, neck, scalp, forehead, upper arm, lower leg, upper leg, inner forearm, outer forearm, back, abdomen, etc.) [64,65] should also be considered when ex vivo models are evaluated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin-on-a-Chip Technology for Testing Transdermal Drug Delivery—Starting Points and Recent Developments

et al. 2021

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During the last decades, several technologies were developed for testing drug delivery through the dermal barrier. Investigation of drug penetration across the skin can be important in topical pharmaceutical formulations and also in cosmeto-science. The state-of- the-art in the field of skin diffusion measurements, different devices, and diffusion platforms used, are summarized in the introductory part of this review. Then the methodologies applied at Pázmány Péter Catholic University are shown in detail. The main testing platforms (Franz diffusion cells, skin-on-a-chip devices) and the major scientific projects (P-glycoprotein interaction in the skin; new skin equivalents for diffusion purposes) are also presented in one section. The main achievements of our research are briefly summarized: (1) new skin-on-a-chip microfluidic devices were validated as tools for drug penetration studies for the skin; (2) P-glycoprotein transport has an absorptive orientation in the skin; (3) skin samples cannot be used for transporter interaction studies after freezing and thawing; (4) penetration of hydrophilic model drugs is lower in aged than in young skin; (5) mechanical sensitization is needed for excised rodent and pig skins for drug absorption measurements. Our validated skin-on-a-chip platform is available for other research groups to use for testing and for utilizing it for different purposes.

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Twenty Clinically Pertinent Factors/Observations for Percutaneous Absorption in Humans

Cited by 41 publications

References 63 publications

Phyllanthus emblica L. (amla) branch: A safe and effective ingredient against skin aging

Phyllanthus emblica L. (amla) branch: A safe and effective ingredient against skin aging

Efficacy of water skin decontamination in vivo in humans: A systematic review

Skin-on-a-Chip Technology for Testing Transdermal Drug Delivery—Starting Points and Recent Developments

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