Twentieth century floods recorded in the deep Mediterranean sediments

Mulder, Thierry; Migeon, Sébastien; Savoye, Bruno; Jouanneau, Jean-Marie

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1011:tcfrit>2.0.co;2

Cited by 95 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…They are in fact quite common at the mouths of most contemporaneous rivers (Mulder and Syvitski, 1995;Kineke et al, 2000;Johnson et al, 2001;Mulder et al, 2001Mulder et al, , 2003 and pass downslope into normal turbidity currents at depths of a few tens of meters (Lamb and Mohrig, 2009), which would concur with our interpretation of most of the Navidad sandstones as shallow water sediments deposited in the vicinity of river mouths and possibly deltas. The shallow water molluscs recorded within them could therefore be attributed to their in situ occurrence, without having to explain the contradiction of their association with leaf accumulations.…”

Section: Sedimentary Environment Of the Navidad Formationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Reply to Comment of Encinas et al. (2014) on: ‘Evidence for an Early-Middle Miocene age of the Navidad Formation (central Chile): Paleontological, climatic and tectonic implications’ of Gutiérrez et al. (2013, Andean Geology 40 (1): 66-78).

Roux

Gutiérrez

Hinojosa

et al. 2014

Andgeo

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Section: Sedimentary Environment Of the Navidad Formationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Reply to Comment of Encinas et al. (2014) on: ‘Evidence for an Early-Middle Miocene age of the Navidad Formation (central Chile): Paleontological, climatic and tectonic implications’ of Gutiérrez et al. (2013, Andean Geology 40 (1): 66-78).

Roux

Gutiérrez

Hinojosa

et al. 2014

Andgeo

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“…A hyperpycnal flow tends to be depletive because of entrainment of ambient seawater, deposition of sediment, lateral spreading, and loss of momentum at the plunge point (e.g., McLeod et al 1999). Deposits from inferred hyperpycnal flows that exhibit reverse-tonormally graded deposits have been observed in cores from the Var River, France (Mulder et al 2001a;Mulder et al 2001b) and from the central Japan Sea (Nakajima 2006).…”

Section: Wax-wane Bedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposits from Wave-Influenced Turbidity Currents: Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation, Colorado, U.S.A.

Lamb¹,

Myrow²,

Lukens³

et al. 2008

Journal of Sedimentary Research

104

107

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“…Hyperpycnal flows have been recognized in a variety of marine environments, generated both from seasonal and extreme floods as well as from catastrophic events such as lahars, abrupt draining of glacial lakes ( jökulhaups), and dam breaking and draining (see Mulder et al 2003). They can locally induce high sedimentation rates (1-2 m per 100 years) and represent the ultimate means by which sediment particles eroded from the high coastal slope are transported to deep-sea environments (Brunner et al 1999;Mulder et al 2001). Deposits related to hyperpycnal processes (hyperpycnites; Mulder et al 2003) differ from other turbidites because of a basal coarsening-up unit, deposited during the increasing or waxing period of river discharge, underlying the typical turbiditic fining upward unit, in this case deposited during the waning of river discharge (Fig.…”

Section: Fan-deltasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rocky coast: geological constraints for hazard assessment

Violante

2009

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Geological hazard along rocky coasts is basically associated with processes of rapid sediment transfers. Massive transport of rock, regolith, sedimentary cover and soil occur episodically, accounting for cliff recession, sudden increase in solid load in short coastal rivers, and flank collapse of volcanic structures and rocky slopes. In geohazard terms, rocky coasts operate as transfer zones that deliver sediment directly from slopes to the coast and open sea at intermittent time intervals. Erosion and transport of material causes major physical changes and exposes coastal communities and human activity to hazard with potential damage to property and infrastructure, and loss of life. This paper focuses on geological processes that regulate rapid sediment transfers in rocky coastal areas, with examples drawn mostly from the Italian coasts. It is stressed that proper comprehension of coastal mass wasting hazard has to include marine and historical investigations. As a main delivery area, the submerged part of rocky coasts preserves reliable sedimentary records of past geological events occurring on land, which are often only partly detectable along subaerial rocky slopes and commonly reported in historical sources.Natural hazard on the coast is largely affected by processes of rapid sediment transfers produced by meteorological, oceanographic and geological forces. Coastal failure, mass wasting and floods are some of the processes that operate naturally in this environment and significantly influence the human use of coastal resources. It is estimated that more than 37% of the world's population live within 100 km of the coastline and that 80% of the shores are rocky (Emery & Kuhn 1982); this includes beaches that are backed by bedrock cliffs or rocky uplands. The geological processes that regulate sediment transfer in these environments also cause major physical changes both onshore and at sea, and their understanding is essential for hazard assessment and the determination of the related geological risk.According to the coastal zone concept, the term 'rocky coast' is used here to denote a spatial zone between the landward limit of marine influence and seaward limit of terrestrial influence (Carter 1988) composed of a rocky substrate retaining at the coastline the form of a cliff with different profiles. This definition includes steep coastal watersheds, pocket beaches situated between bedrock headlands, fan-delta systems, and other non-rocky elements such as barrier spits downdrift of river mouths and estuaries. This term is also suitable for the study of physical changes and related hazard or risk as it includes coastal settlements and human activity. Rocky coasts occur in a variety of geological settings with a wide range of morphologies depending on rock type, tectonics and climate. Rocky coastal areas can be associated with mountainous regions with active or recent tectonics or volcanic activity, or develop as low-relief cliffs along non-active margins, which limit seaward flattened areas. Steep co...

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Twentieth century floods recorded in the deep Mediterranean sediments

Cited by 95 publications

References 8 publications

Reply to Comment of Encinas et al. (2014) on: ‘Evidence for an Early-Middle Miocene age of the Navidad Formation (central Chile): Paleontological, climatic and tectonic implications’ of Gutiérrez et al. (2013, Andean Geology 40 (1): 66-78).

Reply to Comment of Encinas et al. (2014) on: ‘Evidence for an Early-Middle Miocene age of the Navidad Formation (central Chile): Paleontological, climatic and tectonic implications’ of Gutiérrez et al. (2013, Andean Geology 40 (1): 66-78).

Deposits from Wave-Influenced Turbidity Currents: Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation, Colorado, U.S.A.

Rocky coast: geological constraints for hazard assessment

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