Turning waste into wealth: A systematic review on echelon utilization and material recycling of retired lithium-ion batteries

Lai, Xin; Huang, Yunfeng; Gu, Huanghui; Deng, Cong; Han, Xiao; Feng, Xuning; Zheng, Yuejiu

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2021.05.010

Cited by 135 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 297 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Recently, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been diffusely applied in large-scale energy-storage devices and portable electronic materials. However, the limited resources of lithium in the environment lead to its high cost in the future, and the organic electrolyte used will also have a certain impact on the environment and safety, which limits its large-scale development in the future. − Therefore, people began to pay attention to rechargeable multivalent ion batteries with high safety and environmental friendliness (K + , Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , or Al 3+ ). Among the alternative energy-storage devices for LIBs, aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ARZIBs) stand out because of the benefits of the Zn anode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. This excellent result can be explained by the following reasons: (1) When the nitrogencontaining group in PSA interacts with a V atom, the intermediate layer of V−O becomes more separated and the layer spacing further increases, which provides a larger space for ion transport (2). The sulfonic acid group in PSA can promote the polymerization of a pyrrole monomer, making the conductive polymer more fully polymerized between VOH layers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Engineering Interlayer Space of Vanadium Oxide by Pyridinesulfonic Acid-Assisted Intercalation of Polypyrrole Enables Enhanced Aqueous Zinc-Ion Storage

Feng

Sun

Liu

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

By adjusting the structure of vanadium oxides, their electrochemical performances as cathode materials for aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ARZIBs) can be improved effectively. Due to the layered structure and high specific capacity of V2O5, many guests (like metal ions and conducting polymers) intercalated and regulated the structure to enhance its electrochemical properties. Polypyrrole (PPy) has attracted people’s attention due to its good conductive ability. However, the intercalation of PPy into a lamellar structure of hydrated V2O5 (VOH) has rarely been achieved as a cathode material for ARZIBs. Herein, we developed a pyridinesulfonic acid (PSA)-assisted approach to intercalate PPy into the interplanar spacing of VOH under acidic conditions, and the sample is denoted as VOH-PPy (PSA). The presence of protic acid can improve the electrical conductivity of the polymer and enhance the oxidation of VOH, making the polymerization of pyrrole easier. Furthermore, the nitrogen-containing groups in PSA can interact with vanadium to further expand the layer space of VOH, and the sulfonic groups can facilitate the polymerization of pyrrole. The addition of the PSA results in an ultralarge interlayer spacing of 15.8 Å. VOH-PPy (PSA) delivers an excellent specific capacity of up to 422 mAh·g–1 at 0.1 A·g–1 and a stable cycle performance of 165 mAh·g–1 after 5000 cycles at 10 A·g–1. This work not only realizes PPy expanding the lamellar structure of VOH but also provides feasibility for improving the electrochemical properties of VOH as a cathode material for ARZIBs by intercalating conductive polymers.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Interlayer Space of Vanadium Oxide by Pyridinesulfonic Acid-Assisted Intercalation of Polypyrrole Enables Enhanced Aqueous Zinc-Ion Storage

Feng

Sun

Liu

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The results show that PA 1 has a strong linear correlation with capacity, PA 2 has a moderate correlation with capacity, and PA 5 only has a weak correlation with capacity. Besides, PA 2 and PA 5 show obvious collinearity, which should be avoided. Considering the IC curve decay trend as shown in Figure 4, PA 2 may decrease obviously in the recirculation test, and there is no clear correlation between PA 1 and PA 2 .…”

Section: Ic-features-based Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second-life application can extend the service life of LIBs, maximize the value of the life cycle and reduce the running cost. It can also alleviate the recycling pressure caused by large-scale LIB retirement and reduce the total development and utilization of raw materials for LIBs [2]. Due to the difference in aging characteristics and the increasing inconsistency of batteries in longterm service and varying operating conditions, not all LIBs can be used in second-life application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Capacity Estimation Methods of Second-Life Application Batteries

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

WEVJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For the capacity estimation problem of cells in series-retired battery modules, this paper proposed three different methods from the perspective of data-driven, battery curve matching and recession characteristics for different applications. Firstly, based on the premise that the battery history data are available, the features of the IC curve are selected as input for the linear regression models. To avoid multicollinearity among features, we apply a filter-based feature selection method to eliminate redundant features. The results show that the average errors with Multiple Linear Regression are within 1.5%. Secondly, for the situation with a lack of historical operating data, the battery-curve-matching-based method is proposed based on the Dynamic Time Warping algorithm. This method could achieve the curve matching between the reference cell and target cell, and then the curve contraction coefficients can be obtained. The result shows that the method’s average error is 2.34%. Thirdly, whereas the tougher situation is that only part of the battery curve is available, we present a substitute method based on the battery degradation mechanism. This method can estimate most of the battery plant capacity through the partial battery curve. The result shows that the method’s average error is within 2%. Lastly, we contrast the applicability and limitations of every method based on the retired battery test data after deep cycling aging.

show abstract

“…Advances in electric vehicles (EVs), portable electronic devices, and renewable grid energy storage systems have increased the demand for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with higher energy storage capacities, faster charging capabilities, and increased cycle life. [ 1–4 ] Global lithium‐ion battery market is estimated to reach $95 billion by 2025, with an expected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 16% that is forecasted to lead to around 11 million metric tons of spent LIBs waste generated by 2030. [ 5 ] The volume of discarded/spent LIBs is predicted to rise by 59% from 10 700 tons in 2012 to 464 000 tons in 2025.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Recycling Methods to Treat Lithium‐Ion Batteries E‐Waste: A Circular Approach to Sustainability

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

E‐waste generated from end‐of‐life spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is increasing at a rapid rate owing to the increasing consumption of these batteries in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage worldwide. On the one hand, landfilling and incinerating LIBs e‐waste poses environmental and safety concerns owing to their constituent materials. On the other hand, scarcity of metal resources used in manufacturing LIBs and potential value creation through the recovery of these metal resources from spent LIBs has triggered increased interest in recycling spent LIBs from e‐waste. State of the art recycling of spent LIBs involving pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy processes generates considerable unwanted environmental concerns. Hence, alternative innovative approaches toward the green recycling process of spent LIBs are essential to tackle large volumes of spent LIBs in an environmentally friendly way. Such evolving techniques for spent LIBs recycling based on green approaches, including bioleaching, waste for waste approach, and electrodeposition, are discussed here. Furthermore, the ways to regenerate strategic metals post leaching, efficiently reprocess extracted high‐value materials, and reuse them in applications including electrode materials for new LIBs. The concept of “circular economy” is highlighted through closed‐loop recycling of spent LIBs achieved through green‐sustainable approaches.

show abstract

Turning waste into wealth: A systematic review on echelon utilization and material recycling of retired lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 135 publications

References 297 publications

Engineering Interlayer Space of Vanadium Oxide by Pyridinesulfonic Acid-Assisted Intercalation of Polypyrrole Enables Enhanced Aqueous Zinc-Ion Storage

Engineering Interlayer Space of Vanadium Oxide by Pyridinesulfonic Acid-Assisted Intercalation of Polypyrrole Enables Enhanced Aqueous Zinc-Ion Storage

Study on Capacity Estimation Methods of Second-Life Application Batteries

Green Recycling Methods to Treat Lithium‐Ion Batteries E‐Waste: A Circular Approach to Sustainability

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About