E‐waste generated from end‐of‐life spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is increasing at a rapid rate owing to the increasing consumption of these batteries in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage worldwide. On the one hand, landfilling and incinerating LIBs e‐waste poses environmental and safety concerns owing to their constituent materials. On the other hand, scarcity of metal resources used in manufacturing LIBs and potential value creation through the recovery of these metal resources from spent LIBs has triggered increased interest in recycling spent LIBs from e‐waste. State of the art recycling of spent LIBs involving pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy processes generates considerable unwanted environmental concerns. Hence, alternative innovative approaches toward the green recycling process of spent LIBs are essential to tackle large volumes of spent LIBs in an environmentally friendly way. Such evolving techniques for spent LIBs recycling based on green approaches, including bioleaching, waste for waste approach, and electrodeposition, are discussed here. Furthermore, the ways to regenerate strategic metals post leaching, efficiently reprocess extracted high‐value materials, and reuse them in applications including electrode materials for new LIBs. The concept of “circular economy” is highlighted through closed‐loop recycling of spent LIBs achieved through green‐sustainable approaches.

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-doped transparent conductive films (TCFs) is an encouraging option toward generally utilized indium tin oxide-depended TCFs for prospective stretchable optoelectronic materials. Industrial specifications of TCFs involve not just with high electrical performance and transparency but also amidst environmental resistance and mechanical characteristic; those are usually excused within the research background. Though the optoelectronic properties of these sheets require to be developed to match the necessities of various strategies. While, the electrical stability of single-walled CNT TCFs is essentially circumscribed through the inherent resistivity of single SWCNTs and their coupling confrontation in systems. The main encouraging implementations, CNT-doped TCFs, is a substitute system during approaching electronics to succeed established TCFs, that utilize indium tin oxide. Here we review, a thorough summary of CNT-based TCFs including an overview, properties, history, synthesis protocol covering patterning of the films, properties and implementation. There is the attention given on the optoelectronic features of films and doping effect including applications for sophisticated purposes. Concluding notes are given to recommend a prospective investigation into this field towards real-world applicability. Graphic abstract This graphical abstract shows the overview of different properties (mechanical, electrical, sensitivity and transportation), synthesis protocols and designing (dry and wet protocol, designing by surface cohesive inkjet-printed and the support of polymers), doping effect (general doping, metal halides, conductive polymers and graphene for transparent electrodes) and implementations (sensing panels, organic light-emitting diodes devices, thin-film transistors and bio-organic interface) of carbon nanotubes transparent conductive films.

The present equilibrium study deals with the reactive extraction of 4-oxopentanoic acid [levulinic acid] from an aqueous solution by N,N-dioctyloctan-1-amine [tri-n-octylamine (TOA)] at a constant concentration of 0.573 kmol·m −3 in a wide range of diluents such as [n-decane, decane-1-ol, n-decane + decane-1-ol (1:1 v/v), toluene, 4-methylpentan-2-one (MIBK), and dichloromethane (DCM)] at isothermal conditions ((298 ± 1) K). The physical extraction of levulinic acid with pure diluents is also carried out. The effect of acid concentration (0.10 mol·kg −1 to 0.75 mol·kg −1 ) and type of diluent on the recovery of levulinic acid from aqueous solution are determined. Mathematical modeling based on mass action law is used to estimate overall equilibrium constants (K E ), stoichiometry of reaction, and individual equilibrium constants (K 11 and K 21 ) for 1:1 and 2:1 complexes between acid and TOA. Further, the experimentally determined distribution coefficients (K D ) are correlated predicted ones by the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model based on solute−solvent interaction parameters. The extraction power of TOA increases in the order of DCM ≥ decan-1-ol > MIBK > n-decane + decan-1-ol (1:1 v/v) > toluene > n-decane with the highest extraction efficiency, 98.7 %.

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In this study, we report the synthesis of ferrobots, which utilize aqueous formic acid as fuel for pH sensing and efficient H2 production at room temperature to power a fan integrated with a PEM fuel cell.

The use of batteries in the electronics, automobile, and chemical industries is growing rapidly worldwide. The portability, high energy density, and low maintenance needs of batteries eliminates the need for transportation or reticulation of power. However, battery technologies suffer from a limited life span, which results in a need for frequent replacement. The generation of large quantities of battery waste has created a need for an effective management strategy to safely treat and recover valuable resources used in battery manufacturing. This review covers current issues in battery waste management, including a description of the advantages, limitations, challenges, and economical feasibility of various treatment technologies. Future perspectives are also discussed to encourage research on imminent environmental issues associated with batteries.

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