Turn-Over and Distribution of Water in Desert Camels, Sheep, Cattle and Kangaroos

Macfarlane, W. V.; Morris, R. J. H.; Howard, Beth

doi:10.1038/197270a0

Cited by 111 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The significantly depressed water intake in response to fasting illustrates the interdependence of dry matter intake and water intake in agreement with previous studies (Macfarlane and Howard 1972;Silanikove et al 1987). The higher temperature increased water intake of the sheep in this study, in agreement with reports by Olsson and Dahlborn (1989) and Macfarlane et al (1963).…”

Section: Feed and Water Intakesupporting

confidence: 83%

Effect of water restriction and environmental temperatures on metabolic rate and physiological parameters in sheep

Li¹,

Christopherson²,

Cosgrove³

2000

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2000. Effect of water restriction and environmental temperatures on metabolic rate and physiological parameters in sheep. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 80: 97-104. The hypothesis that water restriction reduces metabolic rate and contributes to energy conservation of sheep, and induces changes in blood parameters was tested. Four of eight adult sheep were housed in either a warm (24.8 ± 1.5°C) or cold (0.4 ± 1.2°C) environment and fed a diet of alfalfa pellets at 1.2 × maintenance. Each sheep was fasted with or without water according to a crossover design. Average heat production (HP) and rectal temperature (Tr) were higher (P < 0.05) in the cold than in the warm. Fasting decreased HP and Tr (P < 0.05). Water restriction had no additional effect on HP and Tr. Fasting and fasting plus water restriction influenced plasma osmolality and creatinine concentration. Plasma creatinine concentration was lower (P < 0.01) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration higher in the cold than in the warm environment. Hb concentration was increased with water restriction (P < 0.01) in the warm environment. Plasma cortisol concentration was altered by fasting. Packed cell volume (PCV) in blood, plasma volume and plasma aldosterone were not affected by treatments. The results suggest that water restriction, per se, for 3 d does not suppress metabolic rate in sheep below that resulting from fasting alone. Chaque mouton était ensuite mis au jeûne pendant trois jours, avec ou sans eau, selon un dispositif avec permutation des traitements. La production de chaleur moyenne (PCh) et la température rectale (Tr) étaient plus élevées (P < 0,05) dans l'ambiance froide que dans la chaude. Le jeûne, seul ou avec restriction d'abreuvement, influait sur l'osmolarité et sur la concentration de créatinine du plasma. En outre, ce dernier paramètre était plus bas (P < 0,01) dans l'ambiance froide, alors que l'inverse s'observait pour la concentration d'hémoglobine (Hb) dans le sang. La concentration de Hb augmentait, quand l'eau était rationnée (P < 0,01), dans l'ambiance chaude. La concentration plasmatique de cortisol était modifiée par suite du jeûne de solide. L'hématocrite (HCT), le volume de plasma et la concentration d'aldostérone plasmatique ne manifestaient pas de réaction aux traitements. Il ressort des observations que à lui seul le rationnement de l'eau pendant 3 jours n'a pas plus d'effet négatif sur la thermogenèse chez le mouton que le jeûne solide seul.Mots clés: Thermogenèse, mouton, température, rationnement de l'eau Changes in the thermal environment induce a variety of physiological responses in animals (Christopherson and Kennedy 1983). Metabolic rate is increased during cold exposure in sheep (Christensen et al. 1990), and also during the period of heat stress in cattle (Miaron et al. 1995). Therefore, energy requirements of animals are increased in a cold environment and also during acute heat stress (Miaron et al. 1995). However, there is evidence that a portion of increased energy expenditure in response to environment may exceed that which...

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Section: Feed and Water Intakesupporting

confidence: 83%

Effect of water restriction and environmental temperatures on metabolic rate and physiological parameters in sheep

Li¹,

Christopherson²,

Cosgrove³

2000

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Animals living in arid and semi-arid environments are subjected to seasonal water scarcity and indigenous breeds have developed coping mechanisms, such as increasing core body temperature, storing water in the rumen and adjusting behaviour, to save the available water and efficiently utilise it (Schmidt-Nielsen et al, 1956;Macfarlane et al, 1963;Ostrowski et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of water economy in lactating Ethiopian Somali goats during repeated cycles of intermittent watering

Urge

Dahlborn

Olsson

2007

Animal

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We investigated the physiological and behavioural strategies by which lactating Ethiopian Somali goats endure repeated periods of water deprivation. The experiment lasted for 32 days and was divided into four periods of 8 days each. Measurements were taken during the first 4 days in each period. Seven does (W1) were watered once daily and seven does (W4) were watered once every 4th day. Rectal temperature was taken at 0800 and 1715 h. Blood samples were taken in the evening and milk samples in the morning. The goats were on pasture between 0900 to 1215 h and 1315 to 1630 h with behaviour recorded every 5 min. The does were supplemented with 300 g of concentrates per head per day. Plasma and milk osmolality were determined by freezing point depression. Plasma total protein was measured on a TS refractometer. Plasma vasopressin concentrations were analysed by radio-immunoassay. The mean daily water intake of W1 was 1897 ml compared with the calculated mean of 1075 ml in W4 (P , 0.001). The mean diurnal variation of the rectal temperature was 3.58C in both groups. Afternoon rectal temperature in W4 during period 1 was higher than that in the W1 on the days of water deprivation (P , 0.05). With repeated periods, plasma osmolality in W4 increased less over the days of water deprivation. It was 336, 321, 311 and 306 mosm/l on the 4th day at periods 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The corresponding vasopressin concentrations were 10.0, 9.2, 4.2 and 4.4 pmol/l. Total plasma protein concentration during period 1 on days 3 and 4 were higher in W4 than in W1 (P , 0.01). During the subsequent periods, it did not increase more in W4 compared with W1, but it was lower in W4 on the days after watering. W4 milk production decreased by 22% compared with W1 in all periods. With increasing days of water deprivation, the W4 goats spent less time in the sun, grazed shorter time and frequently ate cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) as compared with W1. Results suggested that dehydrated lactating Ethiopian Somali goats economised on water by diurnal variations of rectal temperature, storing water in the extracellular fluid, by changing behaviour at grazing and by decreasing milk production.

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“…And the study of water restriction have been reported by MACFARLANE et al [5][6][7] and BIANCA et al 8). But in our country, knowledge of the physiological changes occurring in fattening beef cattle in response to water restriction is limited.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Water Restriction on Physiological Responses in Fattening Beef Cattle

Togashi¹,

Tanaka²

1979

Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho

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To determine the relation between water restriction and various physiological responses in a hot and cold environment, an investigation was carried out both in summer and in winter.The results are as follows. The water requirement of cattle is determined principally by the physical form and quantity of the ration consumed and the amount of water evaporated from the body surface for cooling. On dairy cattle in a hot environment, OKAMOTO et al.1) suggested that water consumption was related to thermoregulation and LITTLE et al.2) reported that reduction in water intake was associated with decrease in milk yield.Therefore, water shortage may be a factor which depresses the animal productivity.

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Turn-Over and Distribution of Water in Desert Camels, Sheep, Cattle and Kangaroos

Cited by 111 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of water restriction and environmental temperatures on metabolic rate and physiological parameters in sheep

Effect of water restriction and environmental temperatures on metabolic rate and physiological parameters in sheep

Mechanisms of water economy in lactating Ethiopian Somali goats during repeated cycles of intermittent watering

The Effects of Water Restriction on Physiological Responses in Fattening Beef Cattle

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