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Biodiversity conservation in transformed landscapes is becoming increasingly important. However, most assessments of the value of modified habitats rely heavily on species presence and/or abundance, masking ecological processes such as habitat selection and phenomena like ecological traps, which may render species persistence uncertain. High species richness has been documented in tropical agroforestry systems, but comparisons with native habitat remnants generally lack detailed information on species demography and habitat use. We generated a multi‐species, multi‐measure framework to evaluate the role of habitat selection in the adaptation of species to transformed landscapes, and demonstrate that its use could affect how we value the contribution different land uses make to biodiversity conservation. We analysed 7 years of capture–mark–recapture and observation data for twelve species of resident birds present in native forest remnants and shade coffee plantations in a mega‐diverse region. We assessed whether species behaved adaptively by evaluating the correlation between measures of habitat preference (occurrence, abundance, fidelity, inter‐seasonal variance and age) and performance (body condition, muscle, primary moult, breeding and juveniles) in forest and coffee, and generated hypotheses about their role in species persistence. We documented adaptive habitat selection for seven species, non‐ideal selection for four and maladaptive selection for one. While many species showed equal preference and/or equal performance in many traits, in general we found more evidence for birds preferring and/or performing better in forest than coffee, although relationships between our indicators and population adaptation need to be studied further before our proposed framework can be applied to more species and landscapes. While shade coffee can act as a biodiversity‐friendly matrix providing complementary or supplementary habitat to a wide range of resident bird species, protecting remnants of native vegetation is still of paramount importance for biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes.
Biodiversity conservation in transformed landscapes is becoming increasingly important. However, most assessments of the value of modified habitats rely heavily on species presence and/or abundance, masking ecological processes such as habitat selection and phenomena like ecological traps, which may render species persistence uncertain. High species richness has been documented in tropical agroforestry systems, but comparisons with native habitat remnants generally lack detailed information on species demography and habitat use. We generated a multi‐species, multi‐measure framework to evaluate the role of habitat selection in the adaptation of species to transformed landscapes, and demonstrate that its use could affect how we value the contribution different land uses make to biodiversity conservation. We analysed 7 years of capture–mark–recapture and observation data for twelve species of resident birds present in native forest remnants and shade coffee plantations in a mega‐diverse region. We assessed whether species behaved adaptively by evaluating the correlation between measures of habitat preference (occurrence, abundance, fidelity, inter‐seasonal variance and age) and performance (body condition, muscle, primary moult, breeding and juveniles) in forest and coffee, and generated hypotheses about their role in species persistence. We documented adaptive habitat selection for seven species, non‐ideal selection for four and maladaptive selection for one. While many species showed equal preference and/or equal performance in many traits, in general we found more evidence for birds preferring and/or performing better in forest than coffee, although relationships between our indicators and population adaptation need to be studied further before our proposed framework can be applied to more species and landscapes. While shade coffee can act as a biodiversity‐friendly matrix providing complementary or supplementary habitat to a wide range of resident bird species, protecting remnants of native vegetation is still of paramount importance for biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes.
El presente estudio forma parte de un trabajo mayor que indaga sobre las características de la demanda turística de las áreas protegidas del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas [SNAP], situadas al norte del Uruguay, desde la mirada los actores vinculados al turismo. Los resultados y conclusiones aquí expresadas surgen del área que presenta el mayor desarrollo turístico de la zona estudiada, la cual se conoce como Parque Nacional Esteros de Farrapos e Islas del Río Uruguay. La metodología propuesta refiere a un trabajo con una fase exploratoria y otra descriptiva, con un trabajo de campo basado en la entrevista a actores calificados y encuesta a prestadores de servicios turísticos del área protegida. De los resultados presentados se obtuvo una mayor comprensión de las características de los visitantes del área de estudio y simultáneamente aporta al entendimiento de la demanda turística general del SNAP. Los resultados también constituyen insumos para la ejecución de los planes de manejo de las áreas protegidas, contribuyen a diseñar ofertas más acordes a la demanda y conforman un documento de consulta para las instituciones vinculadas al turismo.
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