Turbulent Flux Measurements Above and Below the Overstory of a Boreal Aspen Forest

Blanken, Peter D.; Black, T. Andrew; Neumann, H. H.; Hartog, G. Den; Yang, P. C.; Nesic, Zoran; Staebler, R. M.; Chen, W.; Novak, Michael D.

doi:10.1023/a:1001557022310

Cited by 136 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In long-term studies of turbulence spectra over two mixed hardwood forests, Su et al (2004) observed turbulence spectra with shallower slopes in the inertial subrange than the expected. Blanken et al (1998) similarly observed cospectral slopes in the inertial subrange less than theoretically expected for fluxes of sensible heat, water and CO 2 both above and below a boreal aspen forest. The shallow cospectra slopes observed in this study suggest that the cascade of energy transfer from larger to smaller eddies in the inertial subrange occurs with a power law smaller than the -7/3 suggested by dimensional analysis.…”

Section: Spectral Analysissupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Bobbink et al, 1992;Bytnerowicz and Fenn, 1996;Holland et al, 2005;Shepard et al, 1989 and references therein). More detailed experiments have focused on NO and N 2 O because of their clear soil sources, the greenhouse warming potential of N 2 O, and the availability of commercial detectors (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent eddy covariance flux measurements of PAN showed rapid deposition, particularly to wet surfaces (Turnipseed et al, 2006). The potential for exchange of organic nitrates between ecosystems and the atmosphere is particularly important to consider more carefully following research suggesting that organic nitrates play an important role in ecosystem nutrient cycling (Bragazza and Limpens, 2004;Neff et al, 2002;Perakis and Hedin, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of thermal-dissociation laser induced fluorescence (TD-LIF) to measurement of HNO3, Σalkyl nitrates, Σperoxy nitrates, and NO2 fluxes using eddy covariance

2006

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Abstract. Nitrogen exchange between the atmosphere and biosphere directly influences atmospheric composition. While much is known about mechanisms of NO and N 2 O emissions, instrumentation for the study of mechanisms contributing to exchange of other major nitrogen species is quite limited. Here we describe the application of a new technique, thermal dissociation-laser induced fluorescence (TD-LIF), to eddy covariance measurements of the fluxes of NO 2 , total peroxy acyl and peroxy nitrates, total alkyl and multifunctional alkyl nitrates, and nitric acid. The technique offers the potential for investigating mechanisms of exchange of these species at the canopy scale over timescales from days to years. Examples of flux measurements at a ponderosa pine plantation in the mid-elevation Sierra Nevada Mountains in California are reported and used to evaluate instrument performance.

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Section: Spectral Analysissupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of thermal-dissociation laser induced fluorescence (TD-LIF) to measurement of HNO3, Σalkyl nitrates, Σperoxy nitrates, and NO2 fluxes using eddy covariance

2006

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“…There are numerous studies reporting a lack of energy closure (e.g. Aubinet et al 2000;Barr et al 1994Barr et al , 2006Bernhofer 1992;Bernhofer and Vogt 1999;Blanford et al 1991;Blanken et al 1998;Finch and Harding 1998;Jarvis et al 1997;Kabat et al 1997;Laubach 1996;Malhi et al 2002;Oncley et al 2007;Twine et al 2000;Wilson et al 2002;Wilson and Baldocchi 2000). Wilson et al (2002) found an imbalance in the order of 20% for a number of FLUXNET sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Available energy and energy balance closure at four coniferous forest sites across Europe

Moderow

Aubinet

Feigenwinter

et al. 2009

Theor Appl Climatol

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The available energy (AE), driving the turbulent fluxes of sensible heat and latent heat at the earth surface, was estimated at four partly complex coniferous forest sites across Europe (Tharandt, Germany; Ritten/Renon, Italy; Wetzstein, Germany; Norunda, Sweden). Existing data of net radiation were used as well as storage change rates calculated from temperature and humidity measurements to finally calculate the AE of all forest sites with uncertainty bounds. Data of the advection experiments MORE II (Tharandt) and ADVEX (Renon, Wetzstein, Norunda) served as the main basis. On-site data for referencing and cross-checking of the available energy were limited. Applied cross checks for net radiation (modelling, referencing to nearby stations and ratio of net radiation to global radiation) did not reveal relevant uncertainties. Heat storage of sensible heat J H , latent heat J E , heat storage of biomass J veg and heat storage due to photosynthesis J C were of minor importance during day but of some importance during night, where J veg turned out to be the most important one. Comparisons of calculated storage terms (J E , J H ) at different towers of one site showed good agreement indicating that storage change calculated at a single point is representative for the whole canopy at sites with moderate heterogeneity. The uncertainty in AE was assessed on the basis of literature values and the results of the applied cross checks for net radiation. The absolute mean uncertainty of AE was estimated to be between 41 and 52 W m −2 (10-11 W m −2 for the sum of the storage terms J and soil heat flux G) during mid-day (approximately 12% of AE). At night, the absolute mean uncertainty of AE varied from 20 to about 30 W m −2 (approximately 6 W m −2 for J plus G) resulting in large relative uncertainties as AE itself is small. An inspection of the energy balance showed an improvement of closure when storage terms were included and that the imbalance cannot be attributed to the uncertainties in AE alone.

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“…Baldocchi and Vogel, 1996;Blanken et al, 1997;Lamaud et al, 2001;Launiainen et al, 2005;Wilson et al, 2000). Such measurements have two well-known limitations: (i) flux estimates are usually representative of a much smaller area than those performed above the canopy (Baldocchi, 1997;Wilson and Meyers, 2001); (ii) the underlying assumptions of the EC method are not expected to be generally valid in the conditions of highly non-stationary and turbulent flow regime prevailing there (Blanken et al, 1998;Baldocchi et al, 2000). However they have proved to be very useful to determine flux partitioning between the overstorey and the understorey (Misson et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide and energy flux partitioning between the understorey and the overstorey of a maritime pine forest during a year with reduced soil water availability

Jarosz

Brunet

Lamaud

et al. 2008

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

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However, due to high soil water deficit, the annual ecosystem GPP was 40% less than usually observed at this site. This budget resulted from a sink of -131 gC m -2 for the overstorey and a source of +74 gC m -2 for the understorey. Moreover, on an annual basis the overstorey layer contributed to almost two thirds of the ecosystem respiration. Finally, the effect of longlasting soil water deficit on the maritime pine forest was found more important than the effect of the heat wave and drought of summer 2003.

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Turbulent Flux Measurements Above and Below the Overstory of a Boreal Aspen Forest

Cited by 136 publications

References 45 publications

Application of thermal-dissociation laser induced fluorescence (TD-LIF) to measurement of HNO<sub>3</sub>, Σalkyl nitrates, Σperoxy nitrates, and NO<sub>2</sub> fluxes using eddy covariance

Application of thermal-dissociation laser induced fluorescence (TD-LIF) to measurement of HNO<sub>3</sub>, Σalkyl nitrates, Σperoxy nitrates, and NO<sub>2</sub> fluxes using eddy covariance

Available energy and energy balance closure at four coniferous forest sites across Europe

Carbon dioxide and energy flux partitioning between the understorey and the overstorey of a maritime pine forest during a year with reduced soil water availability

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Turbulent Flux Measurements Above and Below the Overstory of a Boreal Aspen Forest

Cited by 136 publications

References 45 publications

Application of thermal-dissociation laser induced fluorescence (TD-LIF) to measurement of HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, Σalkyl nitrates, Σperoxy nitrates, and NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes using eddy covariance

Application of thermal-dissociation laser induced fluorescence (TD-LIF) to measurement of HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, Σalkyl nitrates, Σperoxy nitrates, and NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes using eddy covariance

Available energy and energy balance closure at four coniferous forest sites across Europe

Carbon dioxide and energy flux partitioning between the understorey and the overstorey of a maritime pine forest during a year with reduced soil water availability

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Application of thermal-dissociation laser induced fluorescence (TD-LIF) to measurement of HNO<sub>3</sub>, Σalkyl nitrates, Σperoxy nitrates, and NO<sub>2</sub> fluxes using eddy covariance

Application of thermal-dissociation laser induced fluorescence (TD-LIF) to measurement of HNO<sub>3</sub>, Σalkyl nitrates, Σperoxy nitrates, and NO<sub>2</sub> fluxes using eddy covariance