Turbulence-induced resonance vibrations cause pollen release in wind-pollinated
            <i>Plantago lanceolata</i>
            L. (Plantaginaceae)

Timerman, David; Greene, David F.; Urzay, Javier; Ackerman, Josef Daniel

doi:10.1098/rsif.2014.0866

Cited by 35 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…1a). However, we believe that very strong vibrations of the capsule may still cause substantial spore release, as shown for species having a peristome that is always open (Johansson et al 2014), and for the release of seeds (Kadereit & Leins 1988) and pollen (Urzay et al 2009;Timerman et al 2014). However, in our study species, such strong vibrations are unlikely to be triggered by wind, since the capsules are not much elevated above the ground, which decreases the probability of wind-induced vibrations (Johansson et al 2014).…”

Section: A C T I V E M O S S S P O R E R E L E a S E B Y P E R I S T mentioning

confidence: 54%

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Air humidity thresholds trigger active moss spore release to extend dispersal in space and time

et al. 2015

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Summary1. Understanding the complete dispersal process is important for making realistic predictions of species distributions, but mechanisms for diaspore release in wind-dispersed species are often unknown. However, diaspore release under conditions that increase the probability of longer dispersal distances and mechanisms that extend dispersal events in time may have evolutionary advantages. 2. We quantified air humidity thresholds regulating spore release in the moss Brachythecium rutabulum. We also investigated the prevailing micrometeorological conditions when these thresholds occur in nature and how they affect dispersal distances up to 100 m, using a mechanistic dispersal model. 3. We show that moss spores were mainly released when the peristome teeth were opening, as relative air humidity (RH) decreased from high values to relatively low (mainly between 90% and 75% RH). This most often occurred in the morning, when wind speeds were relatively low. Surprisingly, the model predicted that an equally high proportion of the spores would travel distances beyond 100 m (horizontally) when released in the wind conditions prevailing during events of RH decrease in the morning, that lead to peristome opening, as in the highest wind speeds. Moreover, a higher proportion of the spores reached high altitudes when released at the lower wind speeds during the morning compared to the higher speeds later in the day, indicating a possibility for extended dispersal distances when released in the morning. Dispersal in the morning is enhanced by a combination of a more unstable atmospheric surface layer that promotes vertical dispersal, and a lower wind speed that decreases the spore deposition probability onto the ground, compared to later in the day. 4. Our study demonstrates an active spore release mechanism in response to diurnally changing air humidity. The mechanism may promote longer dispersal distances, because of enhanced vertical dispersal and because spores being released in the morning have more time to travel before the wind calms down at night. The mechanism also leads to a prolonged dispersal period over the season, which may be viewed as a risk spreading in time that ultimately also leads to a higher diversity of establishment conditions, dispersal distances and directions.

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Section: A C T I V E M O S S S P O R E R E L E a S E B Y P E R I S T mentioning

confidence: 54%

“…; Timerman et al . ). However, in our study species, such strong vibrations are unlikely to be triggered by wind, since the capsules are not much elevated above the ground, which decreases the probability of wind‐induced vibrations (Johansson et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Air humidity thresholds trigger active moss spore release to extend dispersal in space and time

et al. 2015

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“…The length of filaments can affect the biophysical properties of anther vibration and thus vibratile pollination (e.g. Timerman et al 2014; Switzer and Combes 2017) and thus may be an important characteristic involved in speciation in this group.…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)

Särkinen¹,

Poczai²,

Barboza³

et al. 2018

121

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The Morelloid clade, also known as the black nightshades or “Maurella” (Morella), is one of the 10 major clades within Solanum L. The pantropical clade consists of 75 currently recognised non-spiny herbaceous and suffrutescent species with simple or branched hairs with or without glandular tips, with a centre of distribution in the tropical Andes. A secondary centre of diversity is found in Africa, where a set of mainly polyploid taxa occur. A yet smaller set of species is found in Australasia and Europe, including Solanum nigrum L., the type of the genus Solanum. Due to the large number of published synonyms, combined with complex morphological variation, our understanding of species limits and diversity in the Morelloid clade has remained poor despite detailed morphological studies carried out in conjunction with breeding experiments. Here we provide the first taxonomic overview since the 19th century of the entire group in the Old World, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and islands of the Pacific. Complete synonymy, morphological descriptions, distribution maps and common names and uses are provided for all 19 species occurring outside the Americas (i.e. Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and islands of the Pacific). We treat 12 species native to the Old World, as well as 7 taxa that are putatively introduced and/or invasive in the region. The current knowledge of the origin of the polyploid species is summarised. A key to all of the species occurring in the Old World is provided, together with line drawings and colour figures to aid identification both in herbaria and in the field. Preliminary conservation assessments are provided for all species.

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“…Subtle variation in anther shape can impact pollination biology. For example, in the eudicots Plantago and Thalictrum, anther properties are important in efficient pollen release from anthers (51)(52)(53). In Primula, another eudicot, variation in anther height is critical in the evolution of heterostyly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary variation in MADS-box dimerization affects floral development and protein stability

Juárez

Schrager‐Lavelle

Man

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The B-class MADS-box transcription factors STERILE TASSEL SILKY EAR1 (STS1) and SILKY1 (SI1) specify floral organ identity in the grass Zea mays (maize). STS1 and SI1 bind DNA as obligate heterodimers. Obligate heterodimerization between STS1 and SI1 homologs, although common in flowering plants, arose very recently in the grass family. This recent emergence of obligate heterodimerization from STS1 homodimerization provided an opportunity to test the consequences of evolutionary shifts in MADS-box protein-protein interactions. We tested the ability of evolutionary variation in STS1 dimerization to impact floral development, downstream gene regulation, and protein complex formation in maize. We found that STS1 hetero-vs. homodimerization had subtle effects on protein localization and stamen development. In contrast, differential STS1 dimerization resulted in largescale changes to gene expression and protein complex composition. We identified kinases and proteins involved in ubiquitylation as candidate interactors with MADS-box proteins, and found that STS1 was phosphorylated, and in a complex with ubiquitylated proteins. In addition, we found that STS1 homodimers were more abundant than STS1-SI1 heterodimers, independent of RNA levels. Thus, differential dimerization can affect both protein degradation dynamics and combinatorial assembly of MADS-box protein complexes. Our results highlight the robustness of floral development to some molecular change, which may contribute to the evolvability of floral form. Significance StatementInteractions between transcription factors can alter downstream gene expression patterns and, in turn, organismal development. In plants, MADS-box transcription factors specify floral organ identity as part of large complexes. Shifting interactions between MADS-box proteins have been proposed as drivers in the evolution of the flower, and in the diversification of floral form. However, the functional consequences of changes to individual MADS-box protein-protein interactions are unknown. Here, we show that floral development is subtly affected by altered transcription factor protein-protein interactions. We also show that shifting transcription factor interactions can contribute to differential protein degradation. This reveals an important consequence for evolutionary variation in transcription factor interactions, and adds a new layer of complexity to the evolution of developmental gene networks.

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Turbulence-induced resonance vibrations cause pollen release in wind-pollinated Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae)

Cited by 35 publications

References 38 publications

Air humidity thresholds trigger active moss spore release to extend dispersal in space and time

Air humidity thresholds trigger active moss spore release to extend dispersal in space and time

A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)

Evolutionary variation in MADS-box dimerization affects floral development and protein stability

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