Tuning the Thermogelation and Rheology of Poly(2-Oxazoline)/Poly(2-Oxazine)s Based Thermosensitive Hydrogels for 3D Bioprinting

Haider, Malik Salman; Ahmad, Tokeer; Yang, Mengshi; Hu, Chen; Hahn, Lukas; Stahlhut, Philipp; Groll, Jürgen; Luxenhofer, Robert

doi:10.3390/gels7030078

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…Haider et al [ 207 ] reported recently a smart thermosensitive 3D network formed by a diblock copolymer of approximately 100 repeating units containing hydrophobic poly(2-N-propyl-2-oxazine) (pPrOzi) and hydrophilic poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (pEtOx), suitable for extrusion-based 3D printing ( Figure 11 ). The rheological investigations evidenced the gelation as a function of temperature and concentration, the viscoelastic and shear-thinning behavior, as well as the ability of rapid structure recovery, the hydrogel being suitable for tissue engineering applications (cell viability ≈ 97%).…”

Section: Rheology As a Prerequisite For Bioink Formulation And Optimi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheology as a Tool for Fine-Tuning the Properties of Printable Bioinspired Gels

Bercea¹

2023

Molecules

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Over the last decade, efforts have been oriented toward the development of suitable gels for 3D printing, with controlled morphology and shear-thinning behavior in well-defined conditions. As a multidisciplinary approach to the fabrication of complex biomaterials, 3D bioprinting combines cells and biocompatible materials, which are subsequently printed in specific shapes to generate 3D structures for regenerative medicine or tissue engineering. A major interest is devoted to the printing of biomimetic materials with structural fidelity after their fabrication. Among some requirements imposed for bioinks, such as biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and the possibility to be sterilized, the nondamaging processability represents a critical issue for the stability and functioning of the 3D constructs. The major challenges in the field of printable gels are to mimic at different length scales the structures existing in nature and to reproduce the functions of the biological systems. Thus, a careful investigation of the rheological characteristics allows a fine-tuning of the material properties that are manufactured for targeted applications. The fluid-like or solid-like behavior of materials in conditions similar to those encountered in additive manufacturing can be monitored through the viscoelastic parameters determined in different shear conditions. The network strength, shear-thinning, yield point, and thixotropy govern bioprintability. An assessment of these rheological features provides significant insights for the design and characterization of printable gels. This review focuses on the rheological properties of printable bioinspired gels as a survey of cutting-edge research toward developing printed materials for additive manufacturing.

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Section: Rheology As a Prerequisite For Bioink Formulation And Optimi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheology as a Tool for Fine-Tuning the Properties of Printable Bioinspired Gels

Bercea¹

2023

Molecules

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“…Furthermore, hADSC stem cells were efficiently encapsulated, and the hydrogel showed cytocompatibility in post-printing cell experiments. This hydrogel can be an alternative in combination with other bioinks to improve printability or be used as a drug delivery platform [ 88 ].…”

Section: Advances and Applications Of Block Copolymers In 3d/4d Print...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Block Copolymers in 3D/4D Printing: Advances and Applications as Biomaterials

Politakos

2023

Polymers

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3D printing is a manufacturing technique in constant evolution. Day by day, new materials and methods are discovered, making 3D printing continually develop. 3D printers are also evolving, giving us objects with better resolution, faster, and in mass production. One of the areas in 3D printing that has excellent potential is 4D printing. It is a technique involving materials that can react to an environmental stimulus (pH, heat, magnetism, humidity, electricity, and light), causing an alteration in their physical or chemical state and performing another function. Lately, 3D/4D printing has been increasingly used for fabricating materials aiming at drug delivery, scaffolds, bioinks, tissue engineering (soft and hard), synthetic organs, and even printed cells. The majority of the materials used in 3D printing are polymeric. These materials can be of natural origin or synthetic ones of different architectures and combinations. The use of block copolymers can combine the exemplary properties of both blocks to have better mechanics, processability, biocompatibility, and possible stimulus behavior via tunable structures. This review has gathered fundamental aspects of 3D/4D printing for biomaterials, and it shows the advances and applications of block copolymers in the field of biomaterials over the last years.

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“…39 Very recently, Haider et al introduced an alternative in with the PMeOx block was exchanged with an poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline). 40 However, the lacking long-term stability of the printed constructs remains a major drawback -upon addition of excess cell culture media necessary for longer-term cell culture, these constructs will simply dissolve. Hahn et al reported on cytocompatible ABA-type triblock copolymers comprising the same PMeOx as the hydrophilic blocks (A) and poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazine), poly(2-phenethyl-2-oxazoline) or poly(2-benzhydryl-2-oxazine), respectively, as the hydrophobic block (B).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A thermogelling organic-inorganic hybrid hydrogel with excellent printability, shape fidelity and cytocompatibility for 3D bioprinting

Chen¹,

Ahmad²,

Haider³

et al. 2022

Biofabrication

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Alginates are the most commonly used bioink in biofabrication, but their rheological profiles makes it very challenging to perform real 3D printing. In this study, an advanced hybrid hydrogel ink was developed, a mixture of thermogelling diblock copolymer, alginate and clay i.e. Laponite XLG. The reversible thermogelling and shear thinning properties of the diblock copolymer in the ink system improves handling and 3D printability significantly. Various three-dimensional constructs, including suspended filaments, were printed successfully with high shape fidelity and excellent stackability. Subsequent ionic crosslinking of alginate fixates the printed scaffolds, while the diblock copolymer is washed out of the structure, acting as a fugitive material on the (macro)molecular level. Finally, cell-laden printing and culture over 21 days demonstrated good cytocompatibility and feasibility of the novel hybrid hydrogels for 3D bioprinting. We believe that the developed material could be interesting for a wide range of bioprinting applications including tissue engineering and drug screening, potentially enabling also other biological bioinks such as collagen, hyaluronic acid, decellularized extracellular matrix or cellulose based bioinks.

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Tuning the Thermogelation and Rheology of Poly(2-Oxazoline)/Poly(2-Oxazine)s Based Thermosensitive Hydrogels for 3D Bioprinting

Cited by 21 publications

References 99 publications

Rheology as a Tool for Fine-Tuning the Properties of Printable Bioinspired Gels

Rheology as a Tool for Fine-Tuning the Properties of Printable Bioinspired Gels

Block Copolymers in 3D/4D Printing: Advances and Applications as Biomaterials

A thermogelling organic-inorganic hybrid hydrogel with excellent printability, shape fidelity and cytocompatibility for 3D bioprinting

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