Tuning the spin state of Fe single atoms by Pd nanoclusters enables robust oxygen reduction with dissociative pathway

The enhancement in the performance of ultra-small core–shell Au@AuPt nanoparticles toward HER and ORR by surface engineering

“…60,64 These results suggest that the ORR reaction kinetics of USCS 2h Au 38.4 @Au 4.1 Pt 57.5 -NP/C catalysts is comparable to those reported in the literature. 65–67 In brief, the enhancement in the electrocatalytic performance of USCS 2h Au 38.4 @Au 4.1 Pt 57.5 -NP/C catalysts toward ORR is attributed to the increase in the active sites (the exposure of more Pt atoms by the removal of Au atoms) and the proper downshift of the Pt d-band center (the optimal surface Pt-to-Au ratio) led by the etching treatment. 68–70…”

“…ECSA [m 2 g −1 ] 0.85 V 0.9 V 0.85 V 0.9 V 0.85 V 0.9 V USCS 2h Au 38.4 @Au 4.1 Pt [65][66][67] In brief, the enhancement in the electrocatalytic performance of USCS 2h Au 38.4 @Au 4.1 Pt 57.5 -NP/C catalysts toward ORR is attributed to the increase in the active sites (the exposure of more Pt atoms by the removal of Au atoms) and the proper downshift of the Pt d-band center (the optimal surface Pt-to-Au ratio) led by the etching treatment. [68][69][70] Similarly, their stability was also investigated by the ADT (Fig.…”

Defect engineering of two-dimensional materials for advanced energy conversion and storage

“…[285][286][287][288] In their intrinsic operation structures, the cathodic ORR shows more sluggish kinetics compared to the anodic hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), thus becoming the performance-limiting process. [289][290][291][292][293] Typically, the catalytic process of the ORR has two possible routes. One is the direct reduction of O 2 to water (under acidic conditions) or OH À (under alkaline conditions) with an efficient 4e À transfer process, which is more favorable in practical applications like fuel cells.…”

Inactive Metallic Particles Inhibit the Demetalization of Single-Atom Iron During Oxygen Reduction for Durable Fuel Cell Operation

“…The synergic interaction between single atoms and metallic particles has been a hot topic in heterogeneous catalysis, especially ORR 11,12 . Many studies have reported that single atomparticle interaction benefitted the operation stability of M-N-Cs in fuel cells 13,14 . Nevertheless, this interaction mechanism has not been fully understood.…”

“…First, a unified mechanism is lacking since the interaction mechanism for one case disagreed with that for the other. For example, the mechanisms proposed based on Pd and Fe particles differed 13,14 . Additionally, different interaction mechanisms might be proposed for different forms of Fe particles 12,13 .…”