Defect engineering of two-dimensional materials for advanced energy conversion and storage

Abstract

Defective two-dimensional (2D) materials show huge potential for energy-related fields. This review overviews the formation/evolution mechanisms and engineering strategies of defects in 2D materials, which enable enhanced electrode reaction kinetics.

Metal functionalization of two-dimensional nanomaterials for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction

“…4B). 77,[95][96][97] The "bottom-top" approach refers to anchoring metal atoms to graphene via coordinated pyrolysis (Fig. 4C).…”

Oxygen vacancies meet partial S substitution: an effective strategy to achieve obvious synergistic effects and adjustable electrochemical behavior in NiFe-LDH for enhanced OER and capacitive performance

“…Nowadays, in light of the challenges posed by energy scarcity and environmental degradation, innovative energy conversion and storage devices are being developed vigorously. [1][2][3] Among them, alkaline water electrolyzers (AWEs) have attracted much attention because they can convert Earth-abundant water resources into clean fuel. 4 Nevertheless, the anode OER as the potential determining step with a complex four-electron pathway seriously hinders efficient water splitting.…”

Locally strained hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets quantified by nanoscale infrared spectroscopy

“…Altering the surface-rich structure and atomic arrangements of two-dimensional (2D) materials has led to the emergence of new promising functionalities of semiconductors, 1,2 providing exciting opportunities for catalysis, energy conversion and storage, electronics, and sensing. [3][4][5] Variations in mechanical, electronic, and chemical properties have been reported by the introduction of folds, pores, Moiré stacks, or more localized defects in the layers. 6,7 Deep changes in the electronic structure of 2D materials, including the creation of new states in the bandgap of semiconducting 2D systems, have been predicted by first-principles calculations and confirmed experimentally, such as for selected nanoscale defects introduced in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN).…”