Tunable selectivity of phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexane or cyclohexanol by a solvent-driven effect over a bifunctional Pd/NaY catalyst

Abstract

Hydrogenation of phenol is an important strategy to produce cyclohexane or cyclohexanol as both of them are raw materials for the synthesis of nylon-6 and nylon-66.

Graphene encapsulated low-load nitrogen-doped bimetallic magnetic Pd/Fe@N/C catalyst for the reductive amination of nitroarene under mild conditions

“…Klyuev 35 found that the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene is a first-order reaction for catalyst and hydrogen, and a pseudo-zero-order reaction for nitrobenzene. So the significant influence of the solvent is assumed to be due to the sol pores changing the adsorption configuration of reducing groups on the transition metal surface 38 , Changed the potential energy field formed by the hydrogen bond between the original solvent and the organic matrix [39][40][41] . It can be concluded that the hydrogen bond with the metal is weaker to a certain extent, which is beneficial to the hydrogenation rate, and it is consistent with the phenomenon in the pressure screening process.…”

Highly selective conversion of phenol to cyclohexanol over Ru/Nb2O5-nC18PA catalysts with increased acidity in a biphasic system under mild conditions

“…6,16 As the hydrogen pressure increases, more H 2 can be dissolved in the solvent, thereby promoting the hydrogenation of phenol. 7,38 3.3.2 Influence of reaction temperature. Fig.…”

“…6 Cyclohexanol, as an indispensable synthetic intermediate for the production of hexamethylene diamine, caprolactam for nylon 6, and adipic acid for nylon 66, is an important commodity in the chemical industry. 7,8 It is a crucial raw material for the preparation of surfactants, detergents and plasticizers and has even greater industrial manufacturing prospects. 9,10 The production of cyclohexanol is mainly carried out through the oxidation of cyclohexane or the hydrogenation of phenol.…”

“…15 The liquid-phase hydrogenation of phenol has attracted considerable interest from researchers. 7,16 It can overcome catalyst deactivation caused by the agglomeration of metal particles and carbon deposition at high temperatures in gasphase conditions. The key to the liquid-phase hydrogenation of phenol lies in the design of the catalyst and the improvement of product selectivity.…”

“…Nevertheless, the reaction process still needs to be carried out under harsh conditions (greater than 100 °C and/or 15 bar H 2 ), leading to excessive energy consumption that is detrimental to sustainable development. 9,21,22 For instance, Tan et al 7 studied the Pd/ NaY catalysts for phenol hydrogenation in ethanol at 235 °C and 5 MPa H 2 . The conversion of phenol was 78.2%, and the selectivity to cyclohexanol was 92.3%.…”