Tunable-Range, Photon-Mediated Atomic Interactions in Multimode Cavity QED

Vaidya, Varun; Guo, Yudan; Kroeze, Ronen M.; Ballantine, K. E.; Kollár, Alicia J.; Keeling, Jonathan; Lev, Benjamin

doi:10.1103/physrevx.8.011002

Cited by 204 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The Dicke model is currently engineered in several experimental platforms [59][60][61][62][63][64]. We expect our results to be qualitatively insensitive to the details of the microscopic structure of the interaction termĤ int , and to hold in a broader set of models, and thus would be relevant for experiments where collectivity of the system is inevitably broken by inhomogeneous fields, or spatially varying light-matter couplings, or genuine inter-particle interactions such as using Rydberg atoms [65][66][67][68]. The stabilization of Dicke-TC order seen for strong ferromagnetic spin-spin interactions can also be generalized to systems where the inter-spin interactions have an anti-ferromagnetic character (J>0), given the capability to control atom-light coupling in cavity experiments [69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Dicke time crystals in driven-dissipative quantum many-body systems

et al. 2019

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The Dicke model-a paradigmatic example of superradiance in quantum optics-describes an ensemble of atoms which are collectively coupled to a leaky cavity mode. As a result of the cooperative nature of these interactions, the system's dynamics is captured by the behavior of a single mean-field, collective spin. In this mean-field limit, it has recently been shown that the interplay between photon losses and periodic driving of light-matter coupling can lead to time-crystalline-like behavior of the collective spin (Gong et al 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 040404). In this work, we investigate whether such a Dicke time crystal (TC) is stable to perturbations that explicitly break the mean-field solvability of the conventional Dicke model. In particular, we consider the addition of short-range interactions between the atoms which breaks the collective coupling and leads to complex many-body dynamics. In this context, the interplay between periodic driving, dissipation and interactions yields a rich set of dynamical responses, including long-lived and metastable Dicke-TCs, where losses can cool down the many-body heating resulting from the continuous pump of energy from the periodic drive. Specifically, when the additional short-range interactions are ferromagnetic, we observe time crystalline behavior at nonperturbative values of the coupling strength, suggesting the possible existence of stable dynamical order in a driven-dissipative quantum many-body system. These findings illustrate the rich nature of novel dynamical responses with many-body character in quantum optics platforms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Dicke time crystals in driven-dissipative quantum many-body systems

et al. 2019

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“…[] showed that the onset of self‐organization can be mapped to the superradiant transition of the Dicke model, see Section 2. This study was later extended to narrow linewidth and multimode cavities.…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to the Dicke Model: From Equilibrium to Nonequilibrium, and Vice Versa

et al. 2018

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The Dicke model describes the coupling between a quantized cavity field and a large ensemble of two‐level atoms. When the number of atoms tends to infinity, this model can undergo a transition to a superradiant phase, belonging to the mean‐field Ising universality class. The superradiant transition was first predicted for atoms in thermal equilibrium and was recently realized with a quantum simulator made of atoms in an optical cavity, subject to both dissipation and driving. This progress report offers an introduction to some theoretical concepts relevant to the Dicke model, reviewing the critical properties of the superradiant phase transition and the distinction between equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. In addition, it explains the fundamental difference between the superradiant phase transition and the more common lasing transition. This report mostly focuses on the steady states of atoms in single‐mode optical cavities, but it also mentions some aspects of real‐time dynamics, as well as other quantum simulators, including superconducting qubits, trapped ions, and using spin–orbit coupling for cold atoms. These realizations differ in regard to whether they describe equilibrium or nonequilibrium systems.

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“…In the future, our multiplexed atom-cavity system may be combined with nonlinear cavity-mediated interactions or quantum nondemolition measurements that would enable universal quantum operations between spin waves. The demonstration here, of spin-wave multiplexed cavity electrodynamics, is a significant step toward these goals.Our apparatus is complementary to an active body of ensemble multiplexing research, using both spatial and spectral degrees of freedom [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Recently, a spatial array of single-photon detectors has been used to resolve 665 independent spin waves in an atomic ensemble [24,25].…”

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confidence: 99%

Spin-Wave Multiplexed Atom-Cavity Electrodynamics

et al. 2019

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We introduce multiplexed atom-cavity quantum electrodynamics with an atomic ensemble coupled to a single optical cavity mode. Multiple Raman dressing beams establish cavity-coupled spinwave excitations with distinctive spatial profiles. Experimentally, we demonstrate the concept by observing spin-wave vacuum Rabi splittings, selective superradiance, and interference in the cavitymediated interactions of two spin waves. We highlight that the current experimental configuration allows rapid, interchangeable cavity-coupling to 4 profiles with an overlap parameter of less than 10%, enough to demonstrate, for example, a quantum repeater network simulation in the cavity. With further improvements to the optical multiplexing setup, we infer the ability to access more than 10 3 independent spin-wave profiles.Significant resources are now being devoted to develop intermediate scale quantum systems with tens or hundreds of quantum bits, tunable interactions, and independent control of each element. Ion traps [1], superconducting circuits [2], tweezer arrays of neutral atoms [3], and other systems have made exciting recent advances, but scaling precise quantum dynamics from few-body to many-body remains as a primary challenge in quantum science.Instead of building up qubit-by-qubit, like the aforementioned platforms, here we focus on a system where quantum information is stored as patterns or images inside a single cavity-coupled atomic ensemble containing up to 10 6 atoms. This scalability more closely resembles, for example, that of a neural network, where data is stored and manipulated as patterns and images rather than binary bits [4][5][6][7].In this Letter, we introduce an apparatus that allows creation of multiple spin-wave excitations with unique spatial profiles. The spin waves are all collectively enhanced to emit into a single TEM00 cavity mode, and cavity coupling of each spin wave is dynamically controlled using a corresponding Raman dressing beam, generated by a two-dimensional acousto-optic deflector. Experimentally, we first observe strong spin wave/cavity interactions by measuring a dressed-state vacuum Rabi splitting (VRS) associated with the spin-wave Raman transition. Second, we discuss how spin waves are protected from cross-talk through collective dephasing, and demonstrate a high degree of distinguishability by observing selective superradiance over the continuum of spin-wave profiles. Finally, we observe interference as two spin-waves simultaneously interact with the cavity mode.As a multiplexed atom-cavity interface [8], our system may form the building block of a scalable quantum repeater [9]. Alternatively, this approach opens an elegant avenue to demonstrate a local bosonic quantum network for efficiently simulating many-body physics [10-12], generating samples from exponentially complex wave functions, or performing entanglement-enhanced or error-corrected quantum sensing. In the future, our multiplexed atom-cavity system may be combined with nonlinear cavity-mediated interactions or quantum nond...

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Tunable-Range, Photon-Mediated Atomic Interactions in Multimode Cavity QED

Cited by 204 publications

References 63 publications

Dicke time crystals in driven-dissipative quantum many-body systems

Dicke time crystals in driven-dissipative quantum many-body systems

Introduction to the Dicke Model: From Equilibrium to Nonequilibrium, and Vice Versa

Spin-Wave Multiplexed Atom-Cavity Electrodynamics

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