Tunable multilayer assemblies of nanofibrous composite mats as permeable protective materials against chemical warfare agents

Abstract

The developed permeable materials consist of multilayer assemblies of inner and outer layers of composite nanofibers containing adsorbents. Controlled stacking of these inner and outer layers into assemblies allows their properties to be modulated.

Potential Applications of Magnesium-Based Polymeric Nanocomposites Obtained by Electrospinning Technique

“…The fabricated nanocomposite membrane (containing 5 wt% MgO) was found to be about 2 times more reactive than the currently used charcoal, being 35% the maximum nanofilling percentage of MgO that could be electrospun. In the same way, Ryu et al [119] demonstrated the activity against chemical warfare agents of nanofibrous nanocomposites impregnated with MgO and polyoxometalate. They prepared a layered material consisting in an outer layer of nanofibers and amphiphobic absorbent, so that the liquid chemical warfare agent will bounce, and an inner layer composed of Nylon 6,6 nanofibers with MgO and polyoxometalate that act absorbing gas chemical warfare agents.…”

Decomposition of the Simulant 2-Chloroethyl Ethyl Sulfide Blister Agent under Ambient Conditions Using Metal–Organic Frameworks

“…Recently, the use of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for the degradation of CWAs has attracted significant research attention owing to the ability of MOFs to adsorb and chemically decompose toxic compounds within their porous structures. − It has been reported that this reactivity toward CWAs can be attributed to open isolated metal sites within the MOFs. Although various MOFs have led to the efficient detoxification of 2-CEES in the aqueous state, , the immiscibility of HD in water, and the fact that the vector of contamination is normally the gaseous phase, render the degradation of 2-CEES difficult in real-world applications. , Furthermore, various MOF structures are unsuitable for application as decontaminating agents owing to their low stability on exposure to moisture, , as well as their high cost.…”

“…Although various MOFs have led to the efficient detoxification of 2-CEES in the aqueous state, 22,23 the immiscibility of HD in water, and the fact that the vector of contamination is normally the gaseous phase, render the degradation of 2-CEES difficult in real-world applications. 24,25 Furthermore, various MOF structures are unsuitable for application as decontaminating agents owing to their low stability on exposure to moisture, 26,27 as well as their high cost.…”

Decontamination of Mustard Gas with Processable Dry Reactive Polymers via Oxidation–Chlorination

“…The decontamination of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) has always been an important research subject in public safety as well as in national defense areas because of the increasing potential threats of chemical attack from terrorist organizations. − To date, great efforts have been made to develop different active materials against CWAs, including nanocrystalline metal oxides, − enzymes, − metal–organic frameworks, , transition-metal carbides, and reactive polymers. − To meet the growing demand of self-detoxifying protective clothes and coating, polymers with reactive moieties, which are capable of degradation of CWAs, have been extensively investigated because of their good processing performance, potential of being fabricated into textiles, and feasibility of sorbent modification. − It makes sense to incorporate processable polymers with self-decontamination function into protective materials, which could enhance protective performance and avoid secondary contaminations caused by CWA residue. − Moreover, polymeric decontamination materials would show completely different behaviors not only in processibility but also in mechanisms, kinetics and applicable scenarios, with the corresponding small molecule decontamination agents. Thus, a lot of research needs to be done in order to comprehensively clarify the feasibility of polymer materials as active decontamination materials as well as their decontamination behaviors.…”