Decontamination of Mustard Gas with Processable Dry Reactive Polymers via Oxidation–Chlorination

Abstract

In this study, an N-chloramide-modified reactive copolymer, chlorinated poly (4-vinylbenzenesulfonamide-co-methyl methacrylate) (PVMCl), was designed and synthesized for rapid and efficient detoxification of sulfur mustard (HD, 2-bis(2chloroethyl) sulfide) under ambient conditions. The detoxification rate of HD was up to 95% in 1 h, and HD was decomposed completely within 5 h by PVMCl both in aqueous solution and solid phase. The product characterization revealed the essential role of surface N-chloramide groups for the selective oxidation of HD. Furthermore, the self-decontamination nonwoven mat was successfully fabricated by electrospinning, which showed a satisfactory decontamination rate and long-term effect against HD.

All-Weather Dry Decontaminant Polymer-H2O2 Complex for HD Degradation

“…11,12 Several strategies have been developed and show great promise to circumvent the need for liquid-based decontaminants, notably metal oxides, 2,13,14 metal-organic frameworks, 15,16 polyoxometalates, 17 and reactive polymers. 18,19 However, it would be advantageous to be able to deliver H 2 O 2 in a nonliquid form that retains its efficacy to decontaminate CWA. Stable solid complexes of H 2 O 2 , such as urea-H 2 O 2 , can overcome this limitation, but the complex itself can become unstable at temperatures higher than 40 °C, thus limiting its shelf life.…”

“…Earlier work has demonstrated the benefits of using aqueous forms of H 2 O 2 for the decontamination of HD that circumvent more conventional yet corrosive methods such as bleach . Pure and high concentrations of H 2 O 2 , however, are unstable and can readily oxidize organic material or decompose in the presence of light. , Several strategies have been developed and show great promise to circumvent the need for liquid-based decontaminants, notably metal oxides, ,, metal-organic frameworks, , polyoxometalates, and reactive polymers. , However, it would be advantageous to be able to deliver H 2 O 2 in a nonliquid form that retains its efficacy to decontaminate CWA. Stable solid complexes of H 2 O 2 , such as urea-H 2 O 2 , can overcome this limitation, but the complex itself can become unstable at temperatures higher than 40 °C, thus limiting its shelf life …”

A critical review on emerging photoactive porous materials for sulfide oxidation and sulfur mustard decontamination

“…19 In contrast, oxidation to HDs can easily be performed under thermal and photochemical conditions, and both ways are equally preferred. 20 However, the photochemical pathways under an aerobic or oxygen (O 2 ) atmosphere are favoured over the thermal ones because of renewable energy sources and efficient reaction conditions. 21 As a result, researchers worldwide have worked tirelessly to develop efficient photocatalysts for HD decontamination.…”