Tunable Lossy and Lossless Grounded Inductors Using Minimum Active and Passive Components

Abstract

In this contribution, nine new Grounded Inductance Simulators (GISs) using a single Multiple-Output Current Controlled Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier (MO-CCCCTA) and one grounded capacitor are proposed. Among them, two are lossless types and seven are lossy types. The use of a single grounded capacitor makes the circuits suitable for fabrication. All the proposed circuits are electronically tunable through the bias currents of MO-CCCCTA. Furthermore, no component matching conditions are needed for realizing them. The designed circuits are verified through PSPICE simulator with ± 0.9 V power supply. The simulation results show that for all the proposed circuits: maximum operating frequencies are about 12 MHz, power dissipation is less than 0.784 mW, Total Harmonic Distortions (THDs) are under 8.09%, and maximum output voltage noise at 1 MHz frequency is 14.094 nV/√Hz. To exhibit the workability of the proposed circuits, they are used to design band-pass, low-pass filter, parallel RLC resonator, and parasitic inductance cancelator.

Grounded synthetic series lossy inductor simulator circuits employing single current differencing buffered amplifier

“…As conventional inductors are physically bulky and large, they are not convenient to fabricate for assembling electronic systems. 1 For the design of active inductors, researchers have come up with a variety of active building blocks (ABBs), which have been prominently employed in the past for simulating the inductors that include current conveyor and its variants, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] current feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs), [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] inverting CFOA, 19 commercially available device LT1228, 20 four-terminal floating nullors (FTFN), 21 four-terminal floating nullors transconductance amplifiers (FTFNTA), 22 transconductance amplifier and its variants, [23][24][25][26][27][28] voltage differencing buffered amplifier (VDBA), [29][30][31] voltage differencing differential input buffered amplifier (VDDIBA), 32 voltage differencing inverting buffered amplifier (VDIBA), 33 voltage differencing gain amplifier (VDGA), 34 operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA), 35,36 second generation voltage conveyor (VCII), 37 voltage differencing differential difference amplifiers (VDDDA), 38 operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA), 39 voltage differencing current conveyors (VDCC), 40 control...…”

“…As conventional inductors are physically bulky and large, they are not convenient to fabricate for assembling electronic systems 1 . For the design of active inductors, researchers have come up with a variety of active building blocks (ABBs), which have been prominently employed in the past for simulating the inductors that include current conveyor and its variants, 2–11 current feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs), 12–18 inverting CFOA, 19 commercially available device LT1228, 20 four‐terminal floating nullors (FTFN), 21 four‐terminal floating nullors transconductance amplifiers (FTFNTA), 22 transconductance amplifier and its variants, 23–28 voltage differencing buffered amplifier (VDBA), 29–31 voltage differencing differential input buffered amplifier (VDDIBA), 32 voltage differencing inverting buffered amplifier (VDIBA), 33 voltage differencing gain amplifier (VDGA), 34 operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA), 35,36 second generation voltage conveyor (VCII), 37 voltage differencing differential difference amplifiers (VDDDA), 38 operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA), 39 voltage differencing current conveyors (VDCC), 40 controlled gain voltage differencing current conveyor (CG‐VDCC), 41 electronically controllable current conveyors (ECCIIs) and differential voltage buffer (DVB) 42 current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA), 43–47 current controlled current differencing buffered amplifier (CCCDBA), 48,49 and many more. These reported inductance simulator circuits can be categorized in different ways: (i) lossy and lossless, (ii) grounded and floating, and (iii) series and parallel inductor simulators.…”

“…do not provide electronic tunability of inductance. In most of the reported circuits, 2–35 the parasitic resistances and capacitances are present at the input of the utilized ABBs that affect the performance of the circuits. Specially, in case of CFOA and CCII, the performance of the circuit is affected by internal parasitic capacitances at their input terminals, while these capacitances do not exist in CDBA as its input terminals are internally (virtually) grounded 50 .…”

Electronically tunable compact inductance simulator with experimental verification

“…Therefore, an actively simulated inductor produces no magnetic interference. Many inductors using capacitors have been reported in the literature [1–53]. When comparing existing inductance simulators, they can be categorized on the basis of the active and passive circuit components employed in their implementation, passive components in a floating form, or whether a simulator requires any type of component matching to realize a pure inductor.…”

“… Employment of floating passive elements [3, 7, 9, 12, 14, 16–23, 25–29, 31–35, 37–42, 47–49, 52]. Use of a large number of metal‐oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistors (18 or more) [9, 11–15, 18, 20,23, 24, 28–30, 35–45, 47–50, 52, 53]. Need for matched values of components/parameters [3, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 17, 18, 20–23, 25–28, 31, 34, 40–42, 46–48].…”