Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-6 Levels in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Palafox, Suzanne Katrina V; Jasper, Smitha; Tauber, .; Allyson, D; C, Stephen Foster

doi:10.4172/2155-9570.1000119

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Disseminated gonococcal infection can occur in either gender [3]. Transmission of gonorrhea to neonates from infected mothers can cause acute neonatal conjunctivitis [4] and there is a clear association between maternal gonorrhea, low-birth weight and pre-mature delivery [5]. The impact of gonorrhea on human health is amplified by its role in increasing both transmission and susceptibility to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [6, 7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The serogroup B meningococcal outer membrane vesicle-based vaccine 4CMenB induces cross-species protection againstNeisseria gonorrhoeae

Leduc

Connolly

Begum

et al. 2020

Preprint

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AEJ) 22 23 24 † These authors contributed equally to the work. 25 26 27 2 28 Abstract 29 30There is a pressing need for a gonorrhea vaccine due to the high disease burden 31 associated with gonococcal infections globally and the rapid evolution of antibiotic resistance in 32 Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng). Current gonorrhea vaccine research is in the stages of antigen 33 discovery and the identification of protective immune responses, and no vaccine has been tested 34 in clinical trials in over 30 years. Recently, however, it was reported in a retrospective case-control 35 study that vaccination of humans with a serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) outer membrane 36 vesicle (OMV) vaccine (MeNZB) was associated with reduced rates of gonorrhea. Here we 37 directly tested the hypothesis that Nm OMVs induce cross-protection against gonorrhea in a well-38 characterized female mouse model of Ng genital tract infection. We found that immunization with 39 the licensed Nm OMV-based vaccine 4CMenB (Bexsero®) significantly accelerated clearance 40 and reduced the Ng bacterial burden compared to administration of alum or PBS. High titers of 41 serum IgG1 and IgG2a and vaginal IgG1 that cross-reacted with Ng OMVs were induced by 42 vaccination via either the subcutaneous or intraperitoneal routes, and a 4-fold increase in the 43 serum bactericidal 50 titers was detected against the challenge strain. Antibodies from vaccinated 44 mice recognized several surface proteins in a diverse collection of Ng strains, including PilQ, 45 BamA, MtrE, PorB, and Opa, and 4CMenB-induced antibodies bound PilQ and MtrE in native 46 form on the surface of viable bacteria. In contrast, the antibodies were only cross-reactive against 47 lipooligosaccharide species from a few Ng strains. Our findings directly support epidemiological 48 evidence that Nm OMVs confer cross-species protection against Ng and implicate several Ng 49 surface antigens as potentially protective targets. This work also validates the murine infection 50 model as a relevant experimental system for investigating mechanisms of vaccine-mediated 51 protection against gonorrhea. 52 3 53 Author summary 54 55Over 78 million Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) infections occur globally each year and control 56 of gonorrhea through vaccination is challenged by a lack of strong evidence that immunity to 57 gonorrhea is possible. This contention was recently challenged by epidemiological evidence 58 suggesting that an outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine from the related species Neisseria 59 meningitidis (Nm) protected humans against gonorrhea. Here we provide experimental evidence 60 in support of this hypothesis by demonstrating that a licensed, modified version of this Nm OMV-61 based vaccine accelerates clearance of Ng in a mouse infection model. These results confirm the 62 possibility cross-species protection and are important in that they support the biological feasibility 63 of vaccine-induced immunity against gonorrhea. We also showed that several Ng outer 64 membrane proteins are recogn...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The serogroup B meningococcal outer membrane vesicle-based vaccine 4CMenB induces cross-species protection againstNeisseria gonorrhoeae

Leduc

Connolly

Begum

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Congenital, Perinatal and Neonatal Infections

2017

Clinical Microbiology for Diagnostic Laboratory Scientists

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Pain related to intravitreal injections for age-related macular degeneration: a qualitative study of the perspectives of patients and practitioners

et al. 2023

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ObjectivesOcular pain is a commonly reported finding in the intravitreal injection procedure, but post-injection experiences and patient adherence to treatment remain underexplored. We therefore aimed to identify key variations in the intravitreal injection procedure that may influence pain, and to gain insights into the post-injection experience and treatment adherence from the perspective of patients and practitioners.DesignQualitative semistructured interview study using reflexive thematic analysis of transcripts.SettingHospital Eye Clinic in Wales, UK. Interviews were conducted between May and September 2019.ParticipantsPurposive sample of patients aged ≥50 years with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and no other retinal pathology who had received at least six intravitreal injections, and practitioners including ophthalmologists, registered nurses and optometrists who performed intravitreal injections at the research site.ResultsData saturation was reached with 21 interviews: 14 patients and 7 practitioners. Three main themes were identified from the analysis: fear of losing eyesight and treatment anxiety influence patient adherence to treatment, variability in pain experience during treatment, and post-injection experience and impact on patient recovery. To reassure patients feeling apprehensive about the injections, practitioners promoted safety and trust, and used techniques to manage anxiety. Key variations that may influence pain identified were application of antiseptic or anaesthetic, injecting methods and communication. During injection, patients reported a dull-aching and sharp pain, contrary to practitioners’ perspective of feeling a ‘pressure’. Patients described prolonged soreness and irritation of up to 36 hours post-injection affecting their sleep and recovery.ConclusionEstablishing rapport supported patients to recognise the necessity of ongoing treatment to prevent sight loss; however, inadequate pain management led to undesirable outcomes. Practitioners should use pain assessment tools during and immediately after injection and provide ongoing consistent information to help patients manage pain at home.

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Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-6 Levels in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

The serogroup B meningococcal outer membrane vesicle-based vaccine 4CMenB induces cross-species protection againstNeisseria gonorrhoeae

The serogroup B meningococcal outer membrane vesicle-based vaccine 4CMenB induces cross-species protection againstNeisseria gonorrhoeae

Congenital, Perinatal and Neonatal Infections

Pain related to intravitreal injections for age-related macular degeneration: a qualitative study of the perspectives of patients and practitioners

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