Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, a Regulator and Therapeutic Agent on Breast Cancer

Abstract

The cell-mediated immunity and cytotoxic agents play a significant role on tumor cell apoptosis. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is an intricate linker between inflammation and cancer through mediating the process of apoptosis and cell-mediated immunity. A variety of evidences have confirmed the critical role of TNF-α on tumor migration, proliferation, matrix degradation, tumor metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis. Through binding to receptors, TNF-α participates in activating multiple cell signaling cascades that link inflammation, survival and evolution towards breast cancer. TNF-α is an important agent for tumor biotherapy, but its clinical application is limited for its severe fatal systemic toxicity. The poly-lactic acid microspheres (PLAM) with intratumoral cytokine release hold tremendous potential for the immunotherapy of breast cancer, and TNF-α antagonists may offer therapeutic potential in solid tumors. In addition, TNF-α is related with the blockage of estrogen and progesterone receptors. For breast cancer treatment, it is necessary to understand the molecular signaling pathways that mediate TNF-α and the aggressive behavior of negative breast cancer. The aim of present review is to summarize the effect of TNF-α on breast cancer cells.

Apigenin inhibits TNFα/IL-1α-induced CCL2 release through IKBK-epsilon signaling in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells

“…Here we demonstrate the ability of apigenin to block TNFα mediated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines which are themselves responsible for inward migration of leukocytes that drive tumor growth, metastatic invasion [27], stem cell survival and immune evasion [23]. …”

“…TNFα is present in high concentrations throughout the breast tumor/ stroma milieu, and upon activation of TNFα receptors, can trigger a powerful perpetual cascade of NF-κB activation [23,24]. epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition [25] and sustained release of diverse chemokines (i.e., CCL2/CCL5) [26].…”

Adipocytes in Breast Cancer, the Thick and the Thin

“…It was evidenced that TNF-α may play an important role in BC development and proliferation, chemoresistance, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis [105]. Through upregulation of IL-6 and aromatase expression, TNF-α participates with the comprehensive regulation of estrogen synthesis [106]. In addition, TNF-α as a lipolytic agent was shown by activation MEK, ERK, and elevation of intracellular cAMP to enhance lipolysis in human adipocytes [107].…”

Molecular Biology In Young Women With Breast Cancer: From Tumor Gene Expression To Dna Mutations

“…Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a pleiotropic cytokine which can regulate a wide variety of cellular responses; low concentrations of TNFα seem to increase tumor growth and progression 128 . The TNFA-308G > A polymorphism has been found associated with BC survival.…”