2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.019
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Tumor microenvironment remodeling-based penetration strategies to amplify nanodrug accessibility to tumor parenchyma

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Cited by 59 publications
(40 citation statements)
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“…Solid tumors, unlike hematologic cancers, have a structure similar to normal tissue, including the parenchyma, which contains neoplastic cells and the surrounding stroma [ 25 , 26 ]. The stroma of solid tumors is critical for cancer cell survival and metabolism through extracellular matrix components and blood vessels [ 27 , 28 ].…”
Section: Effective Vascular Structures For Epr In Solid Tumorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Solid tumors, unlike hematologic cancers, have a structure similar to normal tissue, including the parenchyma, which contains neoplastic cells and the surrounding stroma [ 25 , 26 ]. The stroma of solid tumors is critical for cancer cell survival and metabolism through extracellular matrix components and blood vessels [ 27 , 28 ].…”
Section: Effective Vascular Structures For Epr In Solid Tumorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The structural complexities of solid tumors that affect drug delivery pathways remain unclear [ 15 ]. As such, the blood flow complexities mentioned in Section 2 , such as obstruction of fluid flow in the deeper parts of the tumor, tumor heterogeneity due to different types of vessels that cause interstitial fluid pressure, diversity of ECM of solid tumors, and lack of lymphatic drainage vessels, have caused a variety of therapeutic challenges based on the intratumoral transport and drug efficacy [ 20 , 25 , 48 ]. Regardless of the method and location of the injection, the drug nanocarriers introduced in vivo are distributed intratumorally using two basic concepts.…”
Section: Epr-mediated Drug Delivery To Solid Tumorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of abnormal tumor vasculature, extracellular matrix components, endothelial cells, pericytes, tumor-associated fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells. Furthermore, the TME plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis, growth, and metastasis ( 22 , 23 ). We used the R package “ESTIMATE” to calculate the stromal score, immune score, ESTIMATEScore, and tumor purity of tumor tissues.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Early studies of the immunosuppressive environment identified that extracellular lactate supports the generation of suppressive macrophages and regulatory T cells [ 13 , 14 ]. Further, lactate secretion is proton-coupled, leading to extracellular acidosis suppressing effector reduction [ 15 ]. Recent reports have highlighted that PPAR signaling activated by endogenous fatty acids contributed to immunosuppression in the TME [ 16 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%