Tumor Metabolism‐Engineered Composite Nanoplatforms Potentiate Sonodynamic Therapy via Reshaping Tumor Microenvironment and Facilitating Electron–Hole Pairs’ Separation

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) depletion and low ROS production that result from the intratumoral redox metabolism equilibrium and low energy conversion efficiency from ultrasound mechanical energy to ROS‐represented chemical energy, respectively, are two vital inhibitory factors of sonodynamic therapy (SDT). To address the two concerns, a tumor metabolism‐engineered composite nanoplatform capable of intervening intratumoral ROS metabolism, breaking the redox equilibrium, and reshaping the tumor microenvironment is constructed to reinforce SDT against tumors. In this metabolism‐engineered nanoplatform, Nb2C nanosheets serve as the scaffold to accommodate TiO2 sonosensitizers and l‐buthionine‐sulfoximine. Systematic experiments show that such nanoplatforms can reduce ROS depletion via suppressing glutathione synthesis and simultaneously improving ROS production via the Nb2C‐enhanced production and separation of electron–hole pairs. Contributed by the combined effect, net ROS content can be significantly elevated, which results in the highly efficient anti‐tumor outcomes in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the combined design principles, that is, tumor metabolism modulation for reducing ROS depletion and electron–hole pair separation for facilitating ROS production, can be extended to other ROS‐dependent therapeutic systems.

Reactive oxygen species scavenging and inflammation mitigation enabled by biomimetic prussian blue analogues boycott atherosclerosis

“…Electron spin resonance (ESR) was further used to examine the scavenging ability of PMPB NC using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide I (DMPO) as the capturing agent [ 37 , 38 ]. Herein, the Fenton reaction between FeSO 4 and H 2 O 2 was adopted to give birth to free hydroxyl radicals (·OH) for assessing the scavenging ability of PMPB NC.…”

Chemodynamic nanomaterials for cancer theranostics

“…SDT is a cancer therapy modality triggered by low-intensity ultrasound and has emerged as a promising cancer treatment modality due to its deep penetration and non-invasive therapeutic features [ 199 ]. SDT has many advantages, including deep tissue penetration, controllability, and good patient compliance; however, its therapeutic effect is limited in the hypoxic TME and where there is low ROS release and low sensitivity [ 200 – 202 ]. Therefore, combining Fenton reaction with SDT can strengthen the therapeutic efficiency of either Fenton reaction or SDT [ 203 ].…”

Recent Advancements in Nanomedicine for ‘Cold’ Tumor Immunotherapy

“…Recently, there is a growing perspective that induced ROS can be depleted by reductive species (such as GSH) for intra-tumoral redox metabolism equilibrium. In this regard, Guan et al [153] developed metabolism-engineered and SDT-based nanoplatform (Nb 2 C/TiO 2 /BSO-PVP) wherein GSH synthesis inhibitor and sonosensitizer (TiO 2 ) are accommodated by the Nb 2 C nanosheets to reduce ROS depletion and so as to improve the ROS production synergistically (Fig. 6b).…”