Tumor maligno da bainha de nervo periférico em cães: relato de três casos

Silva, C. M. O.; Caldeira, Fátima Maria Caetano; Melo, Eliane Gonçalves de; Ocarino, Natália de Melo; Silva, A. E.; Guedes, Roberto Maurício Carvalho; Lavalle, Gleidice Eunice; Serákides, Rogéria

doi:10.1590/s0102-09352007000300020

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The infiltration of the medulla with focal demyelination of the white matter and axonal degeneration in this case probably occurred due to hypoxia due to tumor growth, which may have generated a decrease in potassium influx and blood supply [1]. This secondary demyelination has also been reported by other authors [2,14,17,22]. Masson's trichrome staining allowed the identification of the intense fibrous connective tissue, which can be explained by the cellular components of the neoplasm, composed of fibroblasts and perineural cells and, to a lesser extent, Schwann cells [2,25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…PNMST mainly affects dogs from 5 to 12 years old, with an average age of 8 years [4,11,22]. The long interval between the appearance of clinical signs and the definitive diagnosis of neoplasm of the spinal cord is highlighted, due to the difficulty of access to perform computed tomography [7,18,20] and magnetic resonance imaging [7,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MPNST has no breed predisposition, but it has been reported commonly in large breeds such as Rottweiler, German Shepherd, and Labrador [4,10,13,14,22], and are uncommon in Toy breed dogs [5,19]. The animal in this report was Poodle breed (small), which favored better care and handling, in addition to the increase in appropriate handling to promote more comfort and well-being of the animal for the duration that the animal lived with the paralysis of the pelvic limbs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (BPNST) or malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) of the spinal cord can have an extramedullary, intradural-extramedullary, and intramedullary location [11,26]. They originate from the cranial and spinal nerves, mainly, peripheral nerves, and occasionally infiltrate the medullary canal and compress the spinal cord [2,22]. They mainly affect large breed female dogs over the age of six [2,4,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They mainly affect large breed female dogs over the age of six [2,4,14]. The prognosis is guarded and the clinical manifestation depends on the affected region; however, lameness of chronic neurogenic origin with consequent muscular atrophy of the limbs, is the most common sign [11,22]. Imaging tests such as radiography (X-ray), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging contribute to the presumptive diagnosis and detection of the tumor; however, the diagnostic confirmation depends on the histopathological evaluation and immunohistochemical panel, leading to differentiation with other neoplasia [4,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lumbar Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in a Young Dog

Souza¹,

Filho²,

Silva³

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: The most common location of malignant tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath in the spinal cord is the intradural-extramedullary region, and is rare in the spinal nerve roots in the lumbar region. They mainly affect large female dogs over six years of age. Imaging tests assist in the presumptive diagnosis, but confirmation requires histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. The prognosis is guarded. Diagnostic imaging, anatomopathological and immunohistochemical findings of a malignant tumor of the intradural-extramedullary peripheral nerve sheath with medullary infiltration in the lumbar region in a young dog are reported.Case: A body of a 6-year-old Poodle dog was donated for necropsy and diagnostic clarification. In the history, there was a suspicion of lumbar intramedullary neoplasia, detected by computed tomography (CT), with a 4 years progressive chronic evolution. Additionally, the dog had hidden spina bifida (L7 to S3), as detected by radiography and CT. On post mortem radiographic examination (X-ray), there was an enlargement of the vertebral canal (T10 to S2), intense osteolysis (L1 to S2), spinous processes (L5 to L7), and ankylosis (L3 to L7). Necropsy revealed ankylosis (L3 to L7) and intradural-extramedullary mass (9.5 × 2.6 × 2.3 cm) (L2 to L6). No metastases were identified. On microscopy, there was neoplastic proliferation of cells with intense pleomorphism, arranged in bundles interlaced in palisades and sometimes solid mantles. The mitotic index was high, ranging from 10 to 12 mitoses per field. There was also necrosis, hemorrhage, edema, and focal axonal demyelination of the adjacent white matter in the spinal cord. Masson Trichrome staining highlighted an intense diffuse conjunctive stroma. There was a suspicion of a malignant tumor of the peripheral nerve sheath and an immunohistochemical panel was performed for confirmation. There was strong and diffuse positivity for vimentin and S-100 and partial positivity for neuron-specific enolase (NSE), negative for anti-factor VIII, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), α-actin for smooth muscle, cytokeratin, neurofilament, and desmin. Thus, the diagnosis of malignant neoplasm of the peripheral nerve sheath was confirmed.Discussion: Peripheral nerve sheath tumors are classified as benign or malignant. In dogs, they are frequent in elderly, females, and large breeds. In this case report, the animal was young, female, and small breed. The location of the spinal nerve roots is uncommon, and is more commonly found in the brachial plexus. In the animal reported, the tumor was observed as lumbar swelling. Clinical signs vary with the affected region, however, neurogenic claudication and muscle atrophy are more frequent, as observed in this report. Imaging examinations such as X-rays and CT assist in the presumptive diagnosis. In this case report, spina bifida was identified on radiography, and CT suggested the presence of intramedullary neoplasia and allowed to monitor tumor growth. Post mortem X-ray imaging revealed intense osteolysis and ankylosis, which were confirmed at necropsy, which also elucidated its intradural-extramedullary location with infiltration into the spinal cord. The confirmation of the neoplasm was made by histopathological and immunohistochemical examination; the latter should be made a panel, not restricted to the use of antibodies S-100 and vimentin only. The prognosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) of the spinal cord is poor, and although there are palliative methods, there is no curative treatment, as complications can interfere with the quality of life of the animal. MPNST should be included in the differential diagnosis of spinal disorders, even in young dogs and small breeds. CT helps in early diagnosis to make decisions aimed at the animal's well-being.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Lumbar Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in a Young Dog

Souza¹,

Filho²,

Silva³

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour with metastasis and expression of endothelial differentiation factors in a horse

Bouéres

Câmara

Castro

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) has not previously been well documented in veterinary literature. This article reports the case of a 12‐year‐old Mangalarga Marchador gelding presented for evaluation of a large, ulcerated and pruritic lesion in the elbow of the left forelimb. Biopsy of the mass indicated an undifferentiated sarcoma. Considering the chronicity of the condition, poor prognosis and extensive nature of the neoplasm, the horse was subjected to euthanasia. A MPNST with expression of endothelial differentiation factors was diagnosed based on gross morphology results, histological features and immunohistochemical findings.

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Tumor maligno da bainha de nervo periférico em cães: relato de três casos

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Lumbar Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in a Young Dog

Lumbar Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in a Young Dog

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour with metastasis and expression of endothelial differentiation factors in a horse

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