Tumor Macroenvironment: An Update

Al-Zoughbi, Wael; Höefler, Gerald

doi:10.1159/000502097

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…[ 168 ] In oncology, processes involving metabolic remodeling such as the so‐called Crabtree and Chance effects remain to be “re‐discovered.” [ 169,170 ] And the metabolic connections between the tumor and its host deserve to be further investigated within the frame of the tumor macroenvironment concept. [ 171–173 ] The roles of cancer cell metabolic cycles in non‐linear dynamics of autoorganization in tumors should be further explored. [ 116–118,121,123 ] Furthermore, the notion of metabolic reprogramming has pervaded the whole biomedical research arena, finding applications in the description of metabolic changes found between different diseases and the healthy state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Reprogramming is a Hallmark of Metabolism Itself

Medina

2020

BioEssays

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The reprogramming of metabolism has been identified as one of the hallmarks of cancer. It is becoming more and more frequent to connect other diseases with metabolic reprogramming. This article aims to argue that metabolic reprogramming is not driven by disease but instead is the main hallmark of metabolism, based on its dynamic behavior that allows it to continuously adapt to changes in the internal and external conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Reprogramming is a Hallmark of Metabolism Itself

Medina

2020

BioEssays

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“…Hormonal changes in the endocrine macroenvironment impact tumor growth and tumor-promoting inflammation [ 2 ]. Tumors also control the endocrine environment via paraneoplastic syndromes [ 41 ]. The lymphatic environment helps tumors communicate with systemic circulation [ 40 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update to Hallmarks of Cancer

Talluri¹,

Alencar²,

Arakelyan³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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In the last decade, there has been remarkable progress in research toward understanding and refining the hallmarks of cancer. In this review, we propose a new hallmark - “pro-survival autophagy.” The importance of pro-survival autophagy is well established in tumorigenesis, as it is related to multiple steps in cancer progression and vital for some cancers. Autophagy is a potential anti-cancer therapeutic target. For this reason, autophagy is a good candidate as a new hallmark of cancer. We describe two enabling characteristics that play a major role in enabling cells to acquire the hallmarks of cancer - “tumor-promoting microenvironment and macroenvironment” and “cancer epigenetics, genome instability and mutation.” We also discuss the recent updates, therapeutic and prognostic implications of the eight hallmarks of cancer described by Hanahan et al. in 2011. Understanding these hallmarks and enabling characteristics is key not only to developing new ways to treat cancer efficiently but also to exploring options to overcome cancer resistance to treatment.

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“…As mentioned, paclitaxel has been shown to function as a lipopolysaccharide mimetic, thus promoting an acute proinflammatory milieu by functioning directly as a TLR4 agonist, besides the traditional mechanism of microtubule stabilization (116)(117)(118)(119). Many groups have compared neoadjuvant versus adjuvant chemotherapy settings, either on the local tumor microenvironment or the systemic tumor "macroenvironment", and also reported fundamental epidemiological differences in their response (19,115,(205)(206)(207)(208)(209)(210)(211)(212). Because the choice of cytoreductive treatments could have a unique effect on thymopoiesis, such considerations should be carefully taken into account as the scientific community moves forward in the field, to properly enrich and revisit our currently proposed model.…”

Section: Criticisms Of the Proposed Model And Future Repercussionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Proposed Link Between Acute Thymic Involution and Late Adverse Effects of Chemotherapy

Lagou

Anastasiadou²,

Karagiannis³

2022

Front. Immunol.

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Epidemiologic data suggest that cancer survivors tend to develop a protuberant number of adverse late effects, including second primary malignancies (SPM), as a result of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Besides the genotoxic potential of these drugs that directly inflict mutational burden on genomic DNA, the precise mechanisms contributing to SPM development are poorly understood. Cancer is nowadays perceived as a complex process that goes beyond the concept of genetic disease and includes tumor cell interactions with complex stromal and immune cell microenvironments. The cancer immunoediting theory offers an explanation for the development of nascent neoplastic cells. Briefly, the theory suggests that newly emerging tumor cells are mostly eliminated by an effective tissue immunosurveillance, but certain tumor variants may occasionally escape innate and adaptive mechanisms of immunological destruction, entering an equilibrium phase, where immunologic tumor cell death “equals” new tumor cell birth. Subsequent microenvironmental pressures and accumulation of helpful mutations in certain variants may lead to escape from the equilibrium phase, and eventually cause an overt neoplasm. Cancer immunoediting functions as a dedicated sentinel under the auspice of a highly competent immune system. This perspective offers the fresh insight that chemotherapy-induced thymic involution, which is characterized by the extensive obliteration of the sensitive thymic epithelial cell (TEC) compartment, can cause long-term defects in thymopoiesis and in establishment of diverse T cell receptor repertoires and peripheral T cell pools of cancer survivors. Such delayed recovery of T cell adaptive immunity may result in prolonged hijacking of the cancer immunoediting mechanisms, and lead to development of persistent and mortal infections, inflammatory disorders, organ-specific autoimmunity lesions, and SPMs. Acknowledging that chemotherapy-induced thymic involution is a potential risk factor for the emergence of SPM demarcates new avenues for the rationalized development of pharmacologic interventions to promote thymic regeneration in patients receiving cytoreductive chemotherapies.

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Tumor Macroenvironment: An Update

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Metabolic Reprogramming is a Hallmark of Metabolism Itself

Metabolic Reprogramming is a Hallmark of Metabolism Itself

An Update to Hallmarks of Cancer

A Proposed Link Between Acute Thymic Involution and Late Adverse Effects of Chemotherapy

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