Tumor cell autocrine motility factor.

Abstract

A cell motility-stimulating factor has been isolated, purified, and partially characterized from the serumfree conditioned medium of human A2058 melanoma cells. We term this activity "autocrine motility factor" (AMF). AMF has the properties of a protein with an estimated size of 55 kDa. At concentrations of 10 nM or less, AMF stimulated the random or directed motility of the producer cells. However, AMF is not an attractant for neutrophils. Amino acid analysis of the purified AMF protein revealed a high content of serine, glycine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid residues. The activity of AMF was not replaced or blocked by known growth factors such as epidermal growth factor or type p transforming growth factor.

Hypoxia enhances the expression of autocrine motility factor and the motility of human pancreatic cancer cells

“…It is well-known that metastasis requires coordinated activation of various factors involved in proliferation, motility, cell-to-cell and cell-to-substrate contacts, degradation of extracellular matrix, inhibition of apoptosis, and adaptation to an inappropriate tissue environment (Poste and Fidler, 1980;Liotta et al, 1986). Our DNA microarray study showed that mRNA expressions of various angiogenic factors and glycolytic enzymes were enhanced in hypoxia in accordance with the previous reports (Vaupel et al, 1989;Semenza, 2000).…”

Expression of autocrine motility factor receptor correlates with disease progression in human gastric cancer

“…In normal physiological status, motility is tightly regulated, whereas tumour cell motility may be aberrantly regulated or autoregulated. Tumour-secreted or autocrine factors, like AMF or autotaxin, may be involved in this autoregulation (Liotta et al, 1986;Stracke et al, 1992). AMF receptor is also engaged in tumour cell motility (Nabi et al, , 1992Watanabe et al, 1991a).…”

“…However, the relationship between gastric cancer stages and cell motility-regulated factors has not been reported. Thus, it is of obvious interest to study such parameters in order to obtain an insight into the biological behaviour of gastric cancers.Autocrine motility factor (AMF) is a cytokine that is produced and secreted by cancer cells and that stimulates both random and directed cell migration through binding to its receptor, a 78 kDa cell surface glycoprotein (gp78, AMF receptor) (Liotta et al, 1986;Nabi et al, 1990Nabi et al, , 1991Silletti et al, 1991). Recently, a molecular cloning of AMF receptor (AMF-R) was reported (Watanabe et al, 1991a).…”

“…Among the various steps of invasion or metastasis of the cancer cell, cell motility is one of the important factors that promotes cancer progression (Fidler, 1990;Hart et al, 1989;Liotta et al, 1986;Nabi et al, 1991). However, the relationship between gastric cancer stages and cell motility-regulated factors has not been reported.…”

“…Autocrine motility factor (AMF) is a cytokine that is produced and secreted by cancer cells and that stimulates both random and directed cell migration through binding to its receptor, a 78 kDa cell surface glycoprotein (gp78, AMF receptor) (Liotta et al, 1986;Nabi et al, 1990Nabi et al, , 1991Silletti et al, 1991). Recently, a molecular cloning of AMF receptor (AMF-R) was reported (Watanabe et al, 1991a).…”