Tumor-associated prostaglandins in patients with primary breast cancer: Relationship to clinical parameters

Fulton, Amy M.; Roi, Larry D.; Howard, Laura; Russo, José; Brooks, S.C.; Brennan, Michael J.

doi:10.1007/bf01805874

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This agrees with Fulton et al (1982) who obtained more PGE2 from tumours of post-menopausal women compared with those who were pre-or perimenopausal. However, Watson et al (1984) found similar yields of both PGE2 and PGF2,-Age Overall, the breast tumour total PG-LM correlates with age.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Tumour size Overall, the tumour size correlated inversely with PG-LM production, in agreement with Rolland et al (1980) who measured microsomal PGE2 formation from added arachidonic acid, with Fulton et al (1982) who measured endogenously formed PGE2, and with Vergote et al (1985) who found a similar tendency with PGF2a. In contrast, Karmali et al (1983) and Watson et al (1987) found no relationship between PGs and tumour size.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…However, breast tumours can produce several different PGs and related substances (Stamford et al, 1983). Indeed, the amount of PGF2., to which bioassay is about 10 times less sensitive , was similar to that of PGE2 (Fulton et al, 1982;Watson et al, 1984).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Breast cancer, prostaglandins and patient survival

Bennett

Stamford²,

Berstock³

et al. 1989

Br J Cancer

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Summary Prostaglandins may have both undesirable and desirable effects in malignant disease. Their possible roles in breast cancer were studied by examining the relationships between different variables and the amounts of prostaglandin-like material (PG-LM) extracted from 141 breast carcinomas. Univariate analysis indicates a direct correlation with patient age and menopausal status, with a greater yield from cancers of post-compared with pre-menopausal women. Tumours up to 2cm diameter yielded more PG-LM than those measuring >2-5cm. Although there was also a direct correlation with bone metastasis near to the time of surgery, this was because no positive bone scans occurred in patients whose tumours yielded little total PG-LM (<16ng PGE2 equivalents per g tissue). Since tumour PG-LM did not predict later spread to bone, and yields of > 16 ng g -' were similar in the positive and negative bone scan groups, tumour PG-LM appears to be unimportant for skeletal metastasis. There was no obvious relationship of tumour PG-LM to the grade of malignancy, tumour type, amounts of fibrous tissue (and therefore malignant cells), invasion of blood vessels and lymphatics or presence of plasma cells. Multivariate analysis indicates that disease-free survival is longest with an intermediate production of tumour total PG-LM. Of the 82 patients now dead, the cause was attributed to metastatic disease in 69 cases. No relationship of PG-LM to the length of survival was seen with univariate or multivariate analysis. However, when just the post-menopausal patients who died within the first 3 postoperative years were analysed, there was a highly significant inverse correlation between the tumour total PG-LM and the time to death. The reason(s) for these different findings on overall survival compared with just the patients who died are not understood, but the results may indicate that one or more other variables must co-exist with a high tumour PG-LM to hasten death.Many tumours can produce more prostaglandins (PGs) than the normal tissues in which they arise (Bennett, 1979(Bennett, , 1982(Bennett, , 1988. Similarly, more prostglandin-like material (PG-LM), assayed on rat gastric fundus which is most sensitive to PGE2, was extracted from homogenates of human mammary carcinomas than from benign tumours or macroscopically normal breast tissue (Bennet et al., 1977). Various PGs and related substances extracted from breast carcinomas were identified by Stamford et al. (1983) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; the products were arachidonate, 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoate (12-HETE), thromboxane B2, 15-keto-l 3,14-dihydro-TXB2, 6-keto-PGFJ,, 6,15-diketo-PGF1,,, 615-diketo-1 3,14-dihydro-PGF1,,, PGD2, PGE2 and PGF21,. Quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed substantial amounts of 6-keto-PGF, . and some PGD2, PGE2 and PGF20,, with much higher yields of arachidonate (Stamford et al., 1986). It might be expected that these potent substances contribute to breast cancer, but the problem is complex because PGs have numerou...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

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Breast cancer, prostaglandins and patient survival

Bennett

Stamford²,

Berstock³

et al. 1989

Br J Cancer

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“…Since prostaglandins possess both osteolytic (Klein & Raisz, 1970) by Campbell et al (1981). Fulton et al (1982). Karmali et al (1983) and Watson and Chuah (1985).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that tumour prostaglandin levels are elevated in patients with a poor prognosis (Bennett et al, 1977). Conversely, it has also been suggested that increased prostaglandin levels are associated with favourable prognostic indices (Karmali et al, 1983;Fulton et al, 1982;and Campbell et al, 1982). A further study (Wilson et al, 1980) found no relationship between prostaglandin levels and established prognostic factors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostaglandins and prognosis in human breast cancer

Watson

Kelly²,

Miller³

1987

Br J Cancer

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Prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha) were measured by gas liquid chromatography--mass spectrometry (glc-ms) in extracts of primary tumours from 78 patients with early breast cancer. These levels have been related to factors of established prognostic value and the patients disease-free interval. Although there was a wide variation in amounts of both prostaglandins extracted from different tumours, no significant relationship was observed between levels of prostaglandins and oestrogen receptors (ER), tumour size, presence of lymph node involvement and disease-free interval following primary treatment. It therefore seems unlikely that the level of these particular prostaglandins within breast carcinomas plays a fundamental role in the prognosis of the disease.

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Prostaglandins in Breast Cancer

Fulton

1987

Cellular and Molecular Biology of Mammary Cancer

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Tumor-associated prostaglandins in patients with primary breast cancer: Relationship to clinical parameters

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Breast cancer, prostaglandins and patient survival

Breast cancer, prostaglandins and patient survival

Prostaglandins and prognosis in human breast cancer

Prostaglandins in Breast Cancer

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