Prostaglandins and prognosis in human breast cancer

Watson, David; Kelly, R. W; Miller, W. R.

doi:10.1038/bjc.1987.204

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Vergote et al (1985) found that a good prognosis was associated with a high yield of tumour PGF2a,, but the biological effects of this PG are often different, and sometimes opposite, to those of PGE2. In contrast, Watson et al (1987) found no relationship of PGE2 and PGF2a to the disease-free interval. Survival When 25 patients had died and the follow-up time was 1.5-54 months, we reported an inverse correlation between total PG-LM and the time to death .…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 40%

“…In contrast, Karmali et al (1983) and Watson et al (1987) found no relationship between PGs and tumour size. Our inverse correlation with PG-LM was due mainly to the results with only the small and medium tumours.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Watson et al (1984Watson et al ( , 1987 (1982) found that oestrogen receptor-positive cancers produced more PGE2 than the receptor-negative tumours, and Vergote et al (1985) found a correlation between PGF2. and both the oestrogen and progesterone status.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breast cancer, prostaglandins and patient survival

Bennett

Stamford²,

Berstock³

et al. 1989

Br J Cancer

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Summary Prostaglandins may have both undesirable and desirable effects in malignant disease. Their possible roles in breast cancer were studied by examining the relationships between different variables and the amounts of prostaglandin-like material (PG-LM) extracted from 141 breast carcinomas. Univariate analysis indicates a direct correlation with patient age and menopausal status, with a greater yield from cancers of post-compared with pre-menopausal women. Tumours up to 2cm diameter yielded more PG-LM than those measuring >2-5cm. Although there was also a direct correlation with bone metastasis near to the time of surgery, this was because no positive bone scans occurred in patients whose tumours yielded little total PG-LM (<16ng PGE2 equivalents per g tissue). Since tumour PG-LM did not predict later spread to bone, and yields of > 16 ng g -' were similar in the positive and negative bone scan groups, tumour PG-LM appears to be unimportant for skeletal metastasis. There was no obvious relationship of tumour PG-LM to the grade of malignancy, tumour type, amounts of fibrous tissue (and therefore malignant cells), invasion of blood vessels and lymphatics or presence of plasma cells. Multivariate analysis indicates that disease-free survival is longest with an intermediate production of tumour total PG-LM. Of the 82 patients now dead, the cause was attributed to metastatic disease in 69 cases. No relationship of PG-LM to the length of survival was seen with univariate or multivariate analysis. However, when just the post-menopausal patients who died within the first 3 postoperative years were analysed, there was a highly significant inverse correlation between the tumour total PG-LM and the time to death. The reason(s) for these different findings on overall survival compared with just the patients who died are not understood, but the results may indicate that one or more other variables must co-exist with a high tumour PG-LM to hasten death.Many tumours can produce more prostaglandins (PGs) than the normal tissues in which they arise (Bennett, 1979(Bennett, , 1982(Bennett, , 1988. Similarly, more prostglandin-like material (PG-LM), assayed on rat gastric fundus which is most sensitive to PGE2, was extracted from homogenates of human mammary carcinomas than from benign tumours or macroscopically normal breast tissue (Bennet et al., 1977). Various PGs and related substances extracted from breast carcinomas were identified by Stamford et al. (1983) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; the products were arachidonate, 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoate (12-HETE), thromboxane B2, 15-keto-l 3,14-dihydro-TXB2, 6-keto-PGFJ,, 6,15-diketo-PGF1,,, 615-diketo-1 3,14-dihydro-PGF1,,, PGD2, PGE2 and PGF21,. Quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed substantial amounts of 6-keto-PGF, . and some PGD2, PGE2 and PGF20,, with much higher yields of arachidonate (Stamford et al., 1986). It might be expected that these potent substances contribute to breast cancer, but the problem is complex because PGs have numerou...

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 40%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Breast cancer, prostaglandins and patient survival

Bennett

Stamford²,

Berstock³

et al. 1989

Br J Cancer

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“…Although initial studies suggested a poor prognosis in patients with high PG levels (Bennett et al, 1977) others have shown either no relationship to established prognostic indices (Wilson et al, 1980;Watson et al, 1987) or a correlation with favourable prognostic factors (Karmali et al, 1983;Watson and Chuah, 1985;Fulton et al, 1982). These disparate findings could be attributed to various factors including: differences in the techniques employed; substrate availability; and tissue handling as well as the labile nature of both tissue PGE2 levels per se and the rapid turnover of the enzymes regulating PGE2 production and metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostaglandin E2 production and metabolism in human breast cancer cells and breast fibroblasts. Regulation by inflammatory mediators

Schrey

Patel²

1995

Br J Cancer

139

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Summary Malignant human breast tumours contain high levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). However, the mechanisms controlling PGE2 production in breast cancer are unknown. This in vitro study investigates the capacity for PGE2 synthesis and metabolism in several human breast cancer cell lines and early passage human breast fibroblasts and seeks to identify potential regulatory factors which may control these pathways. Basal PGE2 production rose up to 30-fold

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“…Data regard ing the prognostic value of tumour prosta noid levels are highly controversial. Al though Bennett et al [16] and Rolland et al [ 13] initially found that an increased produc tion of prostaglandin-like material and PGE2 might be used as marker of a high metastatic potential of a breast tumour, other authors showed that there was no correlation be tween tumour prostaglandin levels and prog nosis [17,18], In a later analysis, Bennett et al [19] reported that disease-free survival was longest with an intermediate production of total prostaglandin-like-material by the tumour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostacyclin/Thromboxane Ratio in Human Breast Cancer

et al. 1991

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In this prospective follow-up study the prognostic value of the tumor prostacyclin/thromboxane ratio in human breast carcinoma was investigated. The stable degradation products of prostacyclin and thromboxane (6-keto-PGF_1α and TXB₂, respectively), were measured by radio-immunoassay in homogenized primary tumours from 29 patients with primary non-metastatic breast cancer. The median follow-up was 43 months (range 24–58 months). Patients with recurrent disease or patients who died of breast cancer had a significantly higher 6-keto-PGF_1α/TXB₂ ratio than the disease-free survivors (p = 0.018 and p = 0.047, respectively). There was no significant difference in the 6-keto-PGF_1α and TXB₂ levels. These data indicate that the prostacyclin/thromboxane balance in the tumour might be a prognostic factor in breast cancer. Prostanoids may contribute to metastasis in breast cancer, but the problem is complex because the different prostaglandins have numerous actions that may produce both undesirable and desirable effects.

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Prostaglandins and prognosis in human breast cancer

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Breast cancer, prostaglandins and patient survival

Breast cancer, prostaglandins and patient survival

Prostaglandin E2 production and metabolism in human breast cancer cells and breast fibroblasts. Regulation by inflammatory mediators

Prostacyclin/Thromboxane Ratio in Human Breast Cancer

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