Tularemia outbreaks in Kayseri, Turkey: An evaluation of the effect of climate change and climate variability on tularemia outbreaks

Balcı, Elçin; Borlu, Arda; Kılıç, Ayşegül Ulu; Demiraslan, Hayati; Öksüzkaya, Ahmet; Doğanay, Mehmet

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2013.09.002

Cited by 30 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Recent publications from Turkey illustrate that the diagnosis may easily be overlooked because it often mimics other conditions of fever such as tuberculosis and other diseases that may cause enlarged lymph nodes (Karabay et al, 2013 ; Erdem et al, 2014 ; Yildirim et al, 2014 ). A presence of tularemia among humans in Iran's neighboring countries such as Azerbaijan (Clark et al, 2012 ), Armenia (Melikjanyan et al, 1996 ), and Turkey (Helvaci et al, 2000 ; Sahin et al, 2007 ; Balci et al, 2014 ) suggests that tularemia may be underdiagnosed in Iran.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Survey of Tularemia and Plague in Small Mammals From Iran

Mostafavi

Ghasemi

Rohani

et al. 2018

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Introduction: Plague and tularemia are zoonoses and their causative bacteria are circulating in certain regions of Iran. This study was conducted to investigate potential disease reservoirs amongst small wildlife species in different regions of Iran.Methods: Rodents, insectivores and hares from 17 different provinces of the country were collected in 2014 and 2015. Samples were taken from the spleens of the animals and Real-time PCR was applied to detect nucleic acid sequences that are specific to Francisella tularensis and Yersinia pestis, respectively.Results: Among 140 collected rodents, 25 distinct species were identified out of which five were the most common: Microtus paradoxus (21% out of 140 rodents), Apodemus witherbyi (12%), Microtus irani (11%), Mus musculus (11%) and Microtus socialis (10%). Seventeen insectivores were collected and identified as Crocidura suaveolens (82%) and C. leucodon (18%). Fifty-one hares were collected and identified as Lepus europaeus (57%), Lepus tolai (14%) and Lepus sp. (29%). Three out of 140 explored rodents (1.91%) were positive for F. tularensis, an A. witherbyi, a Mus musculus domesticus, and a Chionomys nivalis collected from Golestan, Khuzestan and Razavi Khorasan provinces, respectively. Two hares (3.92%) were F. tularensis-positive, a L. europaeus from Khuzestan and a Lepus sp. from the Sistan and Baluchistan province. None of the tested animals were positive for Y. pestis.Conclusion: This is the first report of direct detection of F. tularensis in mammals of Iran and the first-time observation of the agent in a snow vole, C. nivalis worldwide. The results indicate that tularemia is more widespread in Iran than previously reported including the Northeast and Southwestern parts of the country. Future studies should address genetic characterization of F. tularensis positive DNA samples from Iran to achieve molecular subtyping and rule out assay cross-reactivity with near neighbor Francisella species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Survey of Tularemia and Plague in Small Mammals From Iran

Mostafavi

Ghasemi

Rohani

et al. 2018

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Observed and Projected Effects (6) Malaria in Portugal [89] Malaria in Germany [92] Malaria in Turkey [90] Aedes albopictus in Europe [98] Malaria in Spain [91] Recent and future Aedes albopictus suitability [99] WNF in Israel [93] Dengue in Europe [100] WNF in Hungary and Austria [94] Dengue in Europe [103] Chikungunya in Italy [96] Dengue and Chikungunya in Europe [101] Dengue in Madeira 2012 [102] Ticks transmit climate-sensitive infectious diseases including Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever [108,109], Lyme borreliosis [110][111][112], tick-borne encephalitis [113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120] and Tularemia [121]. Several studies identified in the literature review do not report on climate change and tick-transmitted diseases, but instead describe changes in tick distribution, specifically in the United Kingdom [122], Slovenia [123], and the Czech Republic [124].…”

Section: Observed Effect (7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Health Effects of Climate Change in the WHO European Region

Wolf

Lyne

Martínez

et al. 2015

Climate

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Abstract:The evidence of observed health effects as well as projections of future health risks from climate variability and climate change is growing. This article summarizes new knowledge on these health risks generated since the IPCC fourth assessment report (AR4) was published in 2007, with a specific focus on the 53 countries comprising the WHO European Region. Many studies on the effects of weather, climate variability, and climate change on health in the European Region have been published since 2007, increasing the level of certainty with regard to already known health threats. Exposures to temperature extremes, floods, storms, and wildfires have effects on cardiovascular and respiratory health. Climate-and weather-related health risks from worsening food and water safety and security, poor air quality, and ultraviolet radiation exposure as well as increasing allergic diseases, vector-and rodent-borne diseases, and other climate-sensitive health outcomes also warrant attention and policy action to protect human health.

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“…In the last 20 years, its geographical range has expanded to, or been increasingly recognized in, new areas, and the known host range has expanded to include species not previously linked with tularemia, such as the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), the wild boar (Sus scrofa) and the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) [7][8][9][10]. Tularemia has also re-emerged in a number of locations, notably causing new human outbreaks in southern and central Europe in recent decades [11][12][13]. Tularemia is, therefore, considered to be a locally emerging and/or re-emerging infection in Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The status of tularemia in Europe in a one-health context: a review

et al. 2014

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SUMMARYThe bacterium Francisella tularensis causes the vector-borne zoonotic disease tularemia, and may infect a wide range of hosts including invertebrates, mammals and birds. Transmission to humans occurs through contact with infected animals or contaminated environments, or through arthropod vectors. Tularemia has a broad geographical distribution, and there is evidence which suggests local emergence or re-emergence of this disease in Europe. This review was developed to provide an update on the geographical distribution of F. tularensis in humans, wildlife, domestic animals and vector species, to identify potential public health hazards, and to characterize the epidemiology of tularemia in Europe. Information was collated on cases in humans, domestic animals and wildlife, and on reports of detection of the bacterium in arthropod vectors, from 38 European countries for the period 1992-2012. Multiple international databases on human and animal health were consulted, as well as published reports in the literature. Tularemia is a disease of complex epidemiology that is challenging to understand and therefore to control. Many aspects of this disease remain poorly understood. Better understanding is needed of the epidemiological role of animal hosts, potential vectors, mechanisms of maintenance in the different ecosystems, and routes of transmission of the disease.

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Tularemia outbreaks in Kayseri, Turkey: An evaluation of the effect of climate change and climate variability on tularemia outbreaks

Abstract: A tularemia outbreak was observed between 2010 and 2012 with the initiation of rainy years. High temperature for a long period accompanied by low rainfall and low humidity may affect the vector's biology and initiate a tularemia outbreak in high plateaus in Kayseri Province and around.

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Molecular Survey of Tularemia and Plague in Small Mammals From Iran

Molecular Survey of Tularemia and Plague in Small Mammals From Iran

The Health Effects of Climate Change in the WHO European Region

The status of tularemia in Europe in a one-health context: a review

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