Tuft: Tree Based Heuristic Data Dissemination for Mobile Sink Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with a static sink suffer from concentrated data traffic in the vicinity of the sink, which increases the burden on the nodes surrounding the sink, and impels them to deplete their batteries faster than other nodes in the network. Mobile sinks solve this corollary by providing a more balanced traffic dispersion, by shifting the traffic concentration with the mobility of the sink. However, it brings about a new expenditure to the network, where prior to delivering data, nodes are obligated to procure the sink's current position. This paper proposes Tuft, a novel hierarchical tree structure that is able to avert the overhead cost from delivering the fresh sink's position while maintaining a uniform dispersion of data traffic concentration. Tuft appropriates the mobility of the sink to its advantage, to increase the uniformity of energy consumption throughout the network. Moreover, we propose Tuft-Cells, a distributed dissemination protocol that models data routing as a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) in three steps. To begin with, each criterion constitutes a random variable defined by a mass function. Each of these cirterion serves a proportionately distinguishable alternative, and hence, may conflict. Therefore, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) quantifies the relationship between criteria. Finally, the final forwarding decision is derived by a weighted aggregation. Tuft is compared with state-of-the-art protocols, and the performance evaluation illustrates that our protocol adheres to the requirements of WSNs, in terms of energy consumption, and success ratio, considering the additional overhead cost brought by the mobility of the sink.

Mesh-Based Consensus Distributed Particle Filtering for Sensor Networks

“…In the considered particle filtering issue, several consensus iteration steps are needed to realize consensus of local PDFs (7) at each time instant. To implement the PDF-consensus strategy, the posterior PDFs need to be approximated by a group of weighted meshes to facilitate the data transmission over the network, and a new PF formulation is required at each node to process the mesh-based PDF representation.…”

“…, L − 1. Unfortunately, it is not straightforward to fuse the PDFs with (14) when the PDFs are represented by weighed particles as in (7). From the information transmission aspect, the number of particles is usually large, which will unavoidably bring in heavy transmission burden in the nodewise links.…”

“…While considerable research attention has been paid to sensor networks on the topics such as data dissemination [7], [8], energy management [9], [10], and node deployment [11], [12], one of the fundamental issues is how to use the sensor network for state estimation and filtering of dynamic systems [13]- [15]. Compared with the centralized algorithms, the filtering methods for sensor networks need to handle the information exchange between different nodes, which preferably should be performed in a distributed fashion [2], [16].…”

Revolutionizing 5G Networks: A Synergy of Routing, Clustering, and Energy Optimization for Unprecedented Performance and Extended Lifespan

“…The wireless nodes identify their position through GPS. In this scenario, the initial location of the movable destination node is not considered [30].…”

Green IoT for Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Smart Cities: Future Directions and Opportunities

“…Sensors can utilize energy harvested directly from the environment, such as the sun, vibrations, kinetic energy, temperature differentials, etc. [147][148][149][150][151][152]. Also, the combination of WSN and energy harvested technologies plays a vital role in the green world [153], on account of energy harvesting is cost comparable with long batteries life.…”