Tubular vanadium membranes for hydrogen purification

Investigation of adsorption, dissociation, and diffusion properties of hydrogen on the V (1 0 0) surface and in the bulk: A first-principles calculation

“…In addition, V and its alloys are not only considered important H 2 storage materials with a large H capacity [8], but also candidate materials for the first walls and blankets of fusion reactors because of their excellent low activation characteristics under neutron irradiation, remarkable high-temperature performance, and swelling resistance under neutron radiation [10]. Until now, many researchers have performed many experiments and theoretical studies on V-based permeable membrane materials, mainly concentrating on the bulk [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16]. For instance, a work by Dolan et al showed that a Pd catalyst layer-coated 0.25 mm V substrate membrane exhibited a high permeability under H 2 permeation testing, especially at ≥320 °C, initially exceeding 3.0 × 10 −7 mol m −1 s −1 Pa −1/2 ; the thick-walled membrane was self-supporting and pinhole-free [11].…”

“…Until now, many researchers have performed many experiments and theoretical studies on V-based permeable membrane materials, mainly concentrating on the bulk [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16]. For instance, a work by Dolan et al showed that a Pd catalyst layer-coated 0.25 mm V substrate membrane exhibited a high permeability under H 2 permeation testing, especially at ≥320 °C, initially exceeding 3.0 × 10 −7 mol m −1 s −1 Pa −1/2 ; the thick-walled membrane was self-supporting and pinhole-free [11]. Luo et al [13] theorised that H atoms would preferentially occupy tetrahedral interstitial sites (TISs) for greater stability than that offered by octahedral interstitial sites (OISs) or substitutional sites; the corresponding formation energies of occupation were −0.374, −0.226, and +1.83 eV.…”

A Review of Hydrogen Purification Technologies for Fuel Cell Vehicles

“…In that way, the H 2 adsorption and dissociation ability of the Pd membrane was combined with the H 2 permeation ability of the vanadium group metals, lowering the total cost. Dolan et al [64] prepared a Pd-coated vanadium membrane with a tubular structure, and this revealed a high H 2 permeability and stability, suitable for H 2 separation for fuel cell vehicles. Fasolin et al [65] applied high-power pulse magnetron sputtering technology to prepare a Pd/V 93 Pd 7 /Pd multilayer membrane with a total thickness less than 7 µm on the surface of porous alumina.…”

Electrochemical hydrogen compression and purification versus competing technologies: Part I. Pros and cons

“…Nevertheless, such metal membranes (including Pd membranes) also bear drawbacks: they can fail due to hydrogen embrittlement and remain expensive (Pd is a scare and expensive element [25]). Some strategies exist to optimize the membranes' lifetime: Pd-coated vanadium membranes are for example known to tolerate the mechanical stress and to reduce the overall cost of the membrane [26]. Despite their larger cost than for polymer ones, metallic membranes remain as the standard selective hydrogen membranes for the industry.…”