Tuberculosis prevalence in China, 1990–2010; a longitudinal analysis of national survey data

Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Cryptococcal Meningitis in China (1981-2013): A Review of the Literature

“…Tuberculosis and liver diseases were also very commonly seen in cryptococcal meningitis patients, probably due to the high prevalence of tuberculosis and hepatitis B in China [10,11]. This result is consistent with another report from China about cryptococcosis [12]. Though we did not test the CD4 cell number of patients without HIV infection, it was known that tuberculosis and hepatitis B occur in cell-immunity insufficient persons [13,14].…”

Immigrants and tuberculosis in Hong Kong

“…These higher risks among immigrants may have resulted at least in part from reactivation of latent TB infection 9-11 acquired during their previous residence in, and/or travel to, their places of birth with higher burdens of TB and/ or drug resistance. 1, [19][20][21][22] Apart from possible selection factors in migration, the progressive fall in TB prevalence in the Mainland over the recent decades 22 could also have contributed to a lower burden of latent TB infection, and hence SIR, among recent Mainland immigrants compared with those who immigrated longer ago. Taking into consideration the independent effects of birth outside Hong Kong on both treatment outcome and relapse (Table 5 and Fig), population mobility may have adversely affected treatment adherence, and thus impacted on treatment outcome and/or relapse with possible acquisition of drug resistance.…”

Nanomaterials in the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infections

“…For example, in China alone, more than 50% of TB patients were noted to be above the age of 60. [6] Concomitant comorbidities such as diabetes and HIV are well known risk factors for increased TB susceptibility as well. The relative risk for TB infections in diabetic individuals is 2-4 times that compared to their healthy counterparts.…”

“…Mycobacterial cultures offer improved sensitivity of up to 60%, but turnaround times are accordingly longer. [1][2][3][4][5][6] It takes a minimum of 2-8 weeks to return a positive culture; this places severe constraints on the prompt diagnosis (and quarantine) of active TB disease, which is key to stemming its spread. The longer the active TB is undiagnosed, the larger the public health risk it poses.…”

“…Indeed, according to a 2010 Chinese epidemiological TB survey, only 20% of active TB patients were correctly diagnosed and treated. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The next generation of TB diagnostics need to be more accurate, rapid, and cost-effective; nanomaterials (as will be discussed) have the potential to steer this line of research in the right direction.…”