Tuberculosis Infection in Cattle and Cattle Owners in North Eastern Parts of Ethiopia

Mengistu, Araya; Enquselassie, Fikre

doi:10.4172/0974-8369.1000241

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

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“…Of the cows involved in this study, about 33.9%, 18.6%, and 47.5% contained less than 32%, 33 -65%, and greater than 66%, respectively, of Holstein genetics. This huge variation might be due to indiscriminate crossbreeding (Mengistu, 2019) and indiscriminate mating of indigenous cattle with exotic breeds (Alemayehu and Kebede, 2015) owing to either lack of appropriate breeding policy or binding breeding strategies (Desta, 2002;Alilo, 2019;Mengistu, 2019). Most of the cows in SNNP and Oromia regions, unlike Tigray and Amhara regions, had a large proportion (66 -100%) of Holstein genetics (Figure 3 Plot B).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergies of feed, management trainings, and genetics on milk production of dairy cows in the tropics: The case of Ethiopian smallholder farmers

Hatew¹,

Peñagaricano²,

Balehegn³

et al. 2023

Front. Anim. Sci.

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Efforts made so far to increase milk production of indigenous cattle by upgrading with exotic genotypes through crossbreeding under smallholder farmer conditions in Ethiopia have resulted in limited improvement. This study was conducted to determine if combining improved feed and management-related trainings with Holstein genetics will synergistically increase the milk production of dairy cows, and to examine the degree to which the increase or improvement is related to the level of exotic genetics involved. A total of 96 smallholder dairy farmers were purposively selected and allocated to one of three treatments reflecting differing degrees of capacity building support: (1) no training and no material support (Control); (2) training provided by another project (PAID) but without material support; (3) enhanced training plus material support (Feed-Mgt). Sixteen extension development agents and eight livestock experts were selected to provide training and weekly on-farm data collection, monitoring, technical support, and messaging reinforcement visits. Enhanced training addressed a broad range of topics related to feed and feeding, improved forage production, milk production and handling, construction and use of improved dairy housing, disease control, and dairy farm record keeping. Material support was in the form of formulated dairy concentrate feed and improved forage planting materials (seeds/seedlings). Data collection included variables describing animal performance, management practice adoption, and milk and butter quality. Tail hair samples for genetic profiling of breed makeup were also collected from all cows in the study. Results showed that there was a very significant effect of treatment (P < 0.001) on milk production, as well as treatment by week interaction (P = 0.034), with the effect of treatment markedly increasing over time (P = 0.032). That is, cows in Feed-Mgt group had up to 26.6% greater milk production compared to those in the Control group. Region and region by treatment interaction have no effects. Cows used in the experiment had varying proportions of Holstein-Friesian genome that ranged between 0 and 100%, suggesting prevalence of indiscriminate crossbreeding. Cows with a high proportion of Holstein genetics in treatment 3 produced more milk as compared to those in control group. Besides, supplemental feed improved body condition, reduced number of services per conception and resulted in higher lactation length of cows on treatment 3 compared with those on treatments 1 and 2 (P < 0.001). Overall, our findings suggest that an integrated approach of improved feed, feeding practices, and management training for smallholder dairy that goes beyond the improvement of genetics will increase milk production, improve milk quality and body condition, and resulted in higher length of lactation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergies of feed, management trainings, and genetics on milk production of dairy cows in the tropics: The case of Ethiopian smallholder farmers

Hatew¹,

Peñagaricano²,

Balehegn³

et al. 2023

Front. Anim. Sci.

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Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in animals: Transmission dynamics and control challenges of zoonotic TB in Ethiopia

Romha

Gebru

Asefa

et al. 2018

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Human zoonotic tuberculosis and livestock exposure in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review identifying challenges in laboratory diagnosis

Luciano

Roess

2020

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Background: Zoonotic tuberculosis (zTB) accounts for 1.4% of the global tuberculosis burden, with the largest disease burden in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs).These populations have increased exposure to zTB due to livestock rearing practices and raw dairy consumption. This qualitative systematic literature review evaluates the quality of the literature that examines the association between human zTB in LMICs and frequent exposure to livestock and livestock products and summarizes current gaps in laboratory detection methods. Methods:The Navigation Guide, a systematic review framework utilized to assess environmental health exposures, was used to conduct this literature review. Peerreviewed research articles were selected and evaluated for risk of bias and quality of evidence. Only studies conducted in LMICs that mentioned livestock or livestock product exposure and had a confirmed diagnosis were eligible. Results:Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Reported prevalence of human zTB ranged from 0% to 28%, with cattle and raw dairy the primary exposures. All confirmed zTB cases were Mycobacterium bovis. Eight of the 15 studies included livestock sampling, predominantly cattle and reported prevalence of zTB between 0% and 23%. Laboratory methods used included nearly a dozen different culture methods and a variety of molecular methods, some of which are not appropriate for zTB. Conclusions:This review revealed the need for appropriate and standardized laboratory diagnostic methods, and large prospective studies of at-risk populations to determine exposures that lead to an increased risk of tuberculosis conversion/infection to better understand the true burden of disease.Standardized, easy to implement laboratory diagnostics is an imperative focus for this scientific field to better identify the burden of zTB. Future studies pairing livestock and human subjects will allow better characterization of the high zTB transmission areas for targeted control and prevention programmes. K E Y W O R D Shumans, livestock, Mycobacterium bovis, ruminants, tuberculosis, zoonosis

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Tuberculosis Infection in Cattle and Cattle Owners in North Eastern Parts of Ethiopia

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

Synergies of feed, management trainings, and genetics on milk production of dairy cows in the tropics: The case of Ethiopian smallholder farmers

Synergies of feed, management trainings, and genetics on milk production of dairy cows in the tropics: The case of Ethiopian smallholder farmers

Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in animals: Transmission dynamics and control challenges of zoonotic TB in Ethiopia

Human zoonotic tuberculosis and livestock exposure in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review identifying challenges in laboratory diagnosis

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