Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in animals: Transmission dynamics and control challenges of zoonotic TB in Ethiopia

Romha, Gebremedhin; Gebru, Gebreyohans; Asefa, Abrha; Mamo, Gezahegne

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.06.012

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…Of these, SB0133 and SB0134 were the most predominant types in the study areas. These findings are in line with reports for central Ethiopia where SB0133, SB0134, and SB1176 have been reported in high frequencies by several authors (9,10,27,49,50). Historical data on dairy cattle trade that goes back to late 1990ies (19) suggest that cattle have, to significant extent, been traded from central Ethiopia, where the bTB burden has been high, to Mekelle and remaining parts of Tigray regional state, and thus, identifying strains with the same spoligotypes in our study areas support epidemiological links and suggest that cattle movement could have had a significant role in such transmission.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Genotype Diversity of Mycobacterium bovis and Pathology of Bovine Tuberculosis in Selected Emerging Dairy Regions of Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is endemic in Ethiopia with higher prevalence in cattle, particularly in the central parts. Spread of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) to wider regions is inevitable in uncontrolled conditions. This study was conducted to explore the pathology, characterize M. bovis strains, and describe genotypic diversity to demonstrate possible epidemiological links in emerging dairy areas of Ethiopia, namely, Mekelle and Gondar. Twenty-seven bTB positive cattle identified by the Single Intradermal Comparative Cervical Tuberculin (SICCT) test were subjected to post-mortem inspection to determine lesion distribution and pathological score. Samples from tissues with visible tuberculous or suspected non-visible lesions were processed and cultured following a standard protocol. Isolates identified as M. bovis by Region of Difference (RD)-based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were also spoligotyped to determine their spoligotype patterns. Post-mortem inspection of visceral organs indicated bTB suggestive lesions in 41% of the animals, with 25% being in the lungs. Lymph nodes from 77% of the animals had lesions. Fifty-five isolates identified from 24 of the slaughtered animals were confirmed as M. bovis. No other mycobacterial species were isolated. Spoligotyping classified strains from 21 of these animals into seven spoligotype patterns: SB0133,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Genotype Diversity of Mycobacterium bovis and Pathology of Bovine Tuberculosis in Selected Emerging Dairy Regions of Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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“…To get a better understanding of how well the genomes analysed in this study represented the known population structure of M. bovis in Ethiopia, we collated spoligotype information for the vast majority of Ethiopian M. bovis isolates from animals (mainly cattle) published to date [64]. When comparing the spoligotypes in the current study (Table 1) with those previously published (Table 2), it was clear that the most frequent spoligotypes of Af2 and Eu3 identified in Ethiopia (SB1176, SB0133, SB0912, SB1477, and SB0134) were also represented in our dataset with their prevalence observed at a similar frequency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure and transmission ofMycobacterium bovisin Ethiopia

Almaw

Mekonnen

Mihret

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is endemic in cattle in Ethiopia, a country that hosts the largest national cattle herd in Africa. The intensive dairy sector, most of which is peri-urban, has the highest prevalence of disease. Previous studies in Ethiopia have demonstrated that the main cause is Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), which has been investigated using conventional molecular tools including deletion typing, spoligotyping and Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR). Here we use whole genome sequencing (WGS) to examine the population structure of M. bovis in Ethiopia. A total of 134 M. bovis isolates were sequenced including 128 genomes from 85 mainly dairy cattle and six genomes isolated from humans, originating from 12 study sites across Ethiopia. These genomes provided a good representation of the previously described population structure of M. bovis, based on spoligotyping and demonstrated that the population is dominated by the clonal complexes African 2 (Af2) and European 3 (Eu3). A range of within-host diversity was observed amongst the isolates and evidence was found for both short- and long-distance transmission. Detailed analysis of available genomes from the Eu3 clonal complex combined with previously published genomes revealed two distinct introductions of this clonal complex into Ethiopia between 1950 and 1987, likely from Europe. This work is important to help better understand bTB transmission in cattle in Ethiopia and can potentially inform national strategies for bTB control in Ethiopia and beyond.

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“…Zoonoses, including tuberculosis, are frequently detected during slaughter (15,27,28). However, those with a low level of education hardly perceive the microbiological dangers linked to their activities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for the Transmission of Mycobacterium Bovis to Slaughterhouses Workers in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo

Miassangoumouka¹,

Linguissi²,

Itoua³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Zoonotic tuberculosis is a major form of TB affecting humans and many animal species. Infected cattle pose a threat to public health. The aim of the study was to characterize the risks of exposure to bovine tuberculosis by slaughterhouse workers in Brazzaville. A survey was carried out among 57 workers from three slaughterhouses in Brazzaville (Mpila, Kanga Mbanzi and La Fougère) using questionnaires and field observations. The results of the profile revealed that the majority of staff are made up mainly of people over 40 years old (40.6 ± 8.4) i.e. 50.9% and 96.5% male. Married workers represent a third of respondents (29.8%) and live in families made up of 4.9 ± 2.4 people. Workers with secondary education are the majority (66.7%). The average number of years of work in slaughterhouses in Brazzaville is 18.9 ± 9.5 years. The survey also showed that many workers, 52.6%, have never received training to work in slaughterhouses. A tier of workers (31.7%) have no knowledge of animal tuberculosis, in particular its modes of transmission or its clinical signs. The premises are; normal, regularly cleaned, but are not disinfected. Despite the common occurrence of injuries, 73.7% of those surveyed said that they were not subjected to medical checks. To this, we must add, the lack of work clothes adapted by some (29.8%). All of these shortcomings constitute significant risks of contamination from zoonoses, and tuberculosis in particular. Thus, the study recommends strengthening the capacities of professionals in slaughterhouses, their medical follow-up and improve infrastructure. Finally, the fight against zoonotic tuberculosis requires a multisectoral framework involving doctors and veterinarians in the context of the "One Health" approach.

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Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in animals: Transmission dynamics and control challenges of zoonotic TB in Ethiopia

Cited by 34 publications

References 130 publications

Genotype Diversity of Mycobacterium bovis and Pathology of Bovine Tuberculosis in Selected Emerging Dairy Regions of Ethiopia

Genotype Diversity of Mycobacterium bovis and Pathology of Bovine Tuberculosis in Selected Emerging Dairy Regions of Ethiopia

Population structure and transmission ofMycobacterium bovisin Ethiopia

Risk Factors for the Transmission of Mycobacterium Bovis to Slaughterhouses Workers in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo

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